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CONFERENZA POSSO ESSERE SCARICATE INVIADO UNA EMIAL A ME
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la
mia idea di antigravity RICERCHE è fatta da studi presi dalla rchivio
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.. ogni mese a vostra disposzione ..
i
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![[US Patent & Trademark Office, Patent Full Text and Image Database]](file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/antigravity/Desktop/marzo2009/usamarzo/United%20States%20Patent%207505269_files/patfthdr.gif)
| United States Patent |
7,505,269 |
| Cosley , et al. |
March 17, 2009 |
Thermal energy storage transfer system
Abstract
A thermal energy storage transfer system that is adapted to transfer heat
from an electronics enclosure. The thermal energy storage system includes a
thermal energy storage unit that is positioned within the electronics
enclosure. The thermal energy storage unit contains a phase change material
that stores heat created by electronics stored within the electronics
enclosure and transfers the heat to outside of the electronics enclosure by
use of a heat pipe and condenser.
| Inventors: |
Cosley; Michael (Crystal Lake, IL),
Garcia; Marvin (Carol Stream, IL), Teter; John (North
Aurora, IL) |
| Assignee: |
Valere Power Inc. (Richardson, TX)
|
| Appl. No.: |
11/870,702 |
| Filed: |
October 11, 2007 |
| Current U.S. Class: |
361/700 ; 165/104.33;
165/80.3; 361/690; 361/694; 361/695 |
| Current International
Class: |
H05K 7/20 (20060101);
F28F 7/00 (20060101) |
| Field of Search: |
165/104.33 361/690,700 |
References Cited [Referenced
By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Thompson; Gregory D
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
Barnes & Thornburg LLP
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A thermal energy storage transfer system for use with an electronics
enclosure having an interior space for electronics, the thermal energy
storage transfer system comprising: a main housing positioned within the
interior space of the electronics enclosure; a phase change material in the
main housing and adapted to absorb heat created by the electronics; a heat
sink coupled to the main housing and in communication with the phase change
material, the heat sink adapted to transfer heat to the phase change material
that is generated by the electronics within the electronics enclosure; a
conductive material positioned within the main housing and embedded within
the phase change material, the conductive material adapted to transfer heat
from the phase change material; a heat pipe coupled to the main housing and
in communication with the conductive material, the heat pipe arranged to
extend from the interior space of the electronics enclosure to a convection
chimney associated with the electronics enclosure; and a condenser coupled to
the heat pipe and positioned within the convection chimney, the condenser
adapted to remove heat from the heat pipe by releasing the heat into air
moving through the convection chimney.
2. The thermal energy storage transfer system of claim 1, wherein the heat
sink includes a base coupled to the main housing and a series of fins
extending from the base.
3. The thermal energy storage transfer system of claim 1, wherein the
condenser includes a series of fins coupled to the heat pipe to radiate heat
from the heat pipe.
4. The thermal energy storage transfer system of claim 1, further including a
second heat pipe coupled to the main housing for transferring heat from the
phase change material to the condenser.
5. The thermal energy storage transfer system of claim 1, further including a
condenser housing coupled to the main housing, the condenser housing adapted
to house the condenser.
6. A thermal energy storage and transfer system for removing heat generated
by electronics equipment positioned within an interior space of an
electronics enclosure, the thermal energy storage and transfer system
comprising: a main housing positioned within the electronics enclosure; a
phase change material positioned in the main housing, the phase change
material adapted to absorb and store heat generated by the electronics
equipment within the electronics enclosure; a heat sink coupled to the main
housing and adapted to transfer heat created by the electronics equipment to
the phase change material; a condenser housing coupled to the main housing
and positioned outside of the interior space of the electronics enclosure and
within a convection chimney; a condenser positioned within the condenser
housing; at least one heat pipe coupled to the main housing at a first end
and to the condenser at a second end, the heat sink adapted to transfer heat
stored by the phase change material within the housing to the condenser where
air, passing through the convection chimney, contacts the condenser to remove
heat from the condenser; and a conductive material positioned within the main
housing and embedded within the phase change material, the conductive
material adapted to transfer heat from the phase change material to the at
least one heat pipe.
7. The thermal energy storage transfer system of claim 6, wherein the heat
sink includes a base coupled to the main housing and a series of fins
extending from the base.
8. The thermal energy storage transfer system of claim 7, wherein the
condenser includes a series of fins coupled to the at least one heat pipe to
radiate heat from the at least one heat pipe.
9. The thermal energy storage transfer system of claim 6, further including a
second heat pipe coupled to the main housing for transferring heat from the
phase change material to the condenser.
10. The thermal energy storage transfer system of claim 6, further including
a cover adapted to be coupled to the main housing, the cover including at
least one opening adapted to accept a corresponding one of the at least one
heat pipe.
11. The thermal energy storage transfer system of claim 10, wherein the cover
includes a fill opening and a vent opening to allow the main housing to be
filled with the phase change material.
12. An electronics enclosure for electronics equipment comprising: a
convection chimney having an air inlet and an air outlet positioned above the
air inlet; a thermal energy storage unit positioned within the electronics
enclosure, the thermal energy storage unit having a main housing; a phase
change material positioned within the main housing, the phase change material
adapted to absorb and store heat generated by the electronics equipment
within the electronics enclosure; a heat sink coupled to the main housing and
adapted to transfer heat created by the electronics equipment to the phase
change material; a condenser positioned within the chimney; a heat pipe
coupled to the housing at a first end and to the condenser at a second end,
the heat pipe adapted to transfer heat stored by the phase change material
within the housing to the condenser where air, passing through the chimney,
contacts the condenser to remove heat from the condenser; and a conductive
material positioned within the housing and embedded within the phase change
material, the conductive material adapted to transfer heat from the phase
change material to the heat pipe such that heat generated by the electronics
equipment is absorbed by the phase change material and transferred through
the heat pipe to the condenser where air passing through the chimney removes
heat from the condenser.
13. The electronics enclosure of claim 12, wherein the heat sink includes a
base coupled to the main housing and a series of fins extending from the
base.
14. The electronics enclosure of claim 12, wherein the condenser includes a
series of fins coupled to the heat pipe to radiate heat from the heat pipe.
15. The electronics enclosure of claim 12, further including a second heat
pipe coupled to the main housing for transferring heat from the phase change
material to the condenser.
16. The electronics enclosure of claim 12, further including a condenser
housing coupled to the main housing, the condenser housing adapted to house
the condenser.
17. The electronics enclosure of claim 12, further including a reflective
insulating material lining the inside of the electronics enclosure to reflect
heat from the electronics equipment to the heat sink.
Description
BACKGROUND
The present disclosure relates, generally, to heat transfer systems and, by
way of example and not limitation, to a method and apparatus for managing
thermal transients through the use of a thermal energy storage and transfer
system.
According to the present disclosure, a thermal energy storage transfer system
comprises a thermal energy storage unit that is adapted to absorb and
transfer heat from an enclosure. In illustrative embodiments, the thermal
energy storage system includes the thermal energy storage unit that is
positioned within an electronics enclosure. The thermal energy storage unit
includes a main housing that contains a phase change material, which stores
heat generated by electronics stored within the electronics enclosure. The
main housing also contains an embedded conductive material that is used to
transfer heat from the phase change material to a heat pipe, which is coupled
to a condenser. The thermal energy storage unit also includes a heat sink
that is used to capture heat created by the electronics within the
electronics enclosure.
In illustrative embodiments, the thermal energy storage system includes a
condenser housing that is coupled to the main housing. The condenser housing
is adapted to support the condenser and is positioned within a convection
chimney to allow air, passing upwardly through the chimney, to pass through
the condenser prior to exiting the chimney to dissipate heat.
Additional features of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled
in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of
illustrative embodiments exemplifying the best mode of carrying out the
disclosure as presently perceived.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention and the advantages thereof will become more apparent
upon consideration of the following detailed description when taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of a thermal energy storage unit
showing a housing and a heat sink positioned above the main housing;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 4a showing the
heat sink coupled to the housing, which is filled with a phase change
material and an embedded conductive material and also showing a heat pipe
coupled to the housing at a first end and a condenser at a second end;
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional, side elevational view of the thermal energy
storage unit positioned within an electronics enclosure, showing the thermal
energy storage unit positioned above the electronics equipment to absorb heat
generated by the equipment and also showing the heat pipe passing through the
right side of the electronics enclosure into a convection chimney that houses
a series of condenser fins coupled to the heat pipe;
FIG. 4a is a cross sectional view taken along line 4a-4a of FIG. 3 showing
the thermal energy storage unit positioned within the electronics enclosure
and also showing three heat pipes passing through the side wall of the
electronics enclosure into the convection chimney where a series of condenser
fins are positioned;
FIG. 4b is a cross sectional view similar to FIG. 4a showing four heat pipes
coupled to the housing of the thermal energy storage unit and passing through
the wall of the electronics enclosure into the convection chimney and also
showing a series of condenser fins coupled to the heat pipes to dissipate
heat from the thermal energy storage unit;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the electronics enclosure with the doors in
an open position showing the thermal energy storage transfer system at the
top of the enclosure and the electronic components positioned below, and also
showing a reflective insulating material lining the inner walls of the
enclosure;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the thermal energy storage unit showing the
main housing coupled to a condenser housing;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the thermal energy storage unit showing the
condenser and a plurality of heat pipes positioned within the condenser
housing and the top cover of the main housing;
FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the thermal energy storage unit of
FIG. 7 showing the condenser on the left side of the figure followed by four
heat pipes, the top cover, the conductive screen, and the housing and also
showing the heat sink positioned above the housing;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the heat pipe sub-assembly showing the
condenser coupled to a series of heat pipes, which are coupled to the top
cover of the thermal energy storage unit;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the top cover showing a side wall having a
series of openings adapted to accept heat pipes and a top wall having vent
and fill ports used to add the phase change material;
FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view taken along line 11-11 of FIG. 7 showing
the conductive material coupled to a series of heat tubes, which are coupled
to the condenser fins; and
FIG. 12 is a enlarged cross sectional view of FIG. 11 showing the position of
the heat sink in connection with the conductive material and the position of
the heat tubes with the conductive material.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
While the present disclosure may be susceptible to embodiments in different
forms, they are shown in the drawings, and herein will be described in detail,
embodiments with the understanding that the present description is to be
considered an exemplification of the principles of the disclosure and is not
intended to limit the disclosure to the details of construction and the
arrangement of components set forth in the following description or
illustrated in the drawings.
A thermal energy storage transfer system 10 is adapted to store heat created
by electronics equipment 14 and transfer the heat from an electronics
enclosure 16, as shown, for example, in FIG. 3. The thermal energy storage
transfer system 10 is used to regulate temperature within electronics
enclosure 16 during peak heat loads to reduce the likelihood of damage to
electronics equipment 14. In illustrative embodiments, thermal energy storage
transfer system 10 comprises a thermal energy storage unit 12 that includes a
main housing 18, as shown, for example, in FIGS. 1 and 2. Thermal energy
storage transfer system 10 is a passive heat storage and transfer system that
does not require electricity and does not include any mechanical moving parts.
Main housing 18 of the thermal energy storage unit 12 includes first and
second side walls 20, 22 and first and second end walls 24, 26, as shown, for
example, in FIGS. 1 and 2. Main housing 18 also includes a ridge 28 that is
adapted to accept a heat sink 30. End wall 26 of main housing 18 is formed to
include an aperture 36 that is adapted to accept a heat pipe 38, as shown,
for example, in FIG. 2. Main housing 18 is preferably manufactured from
plastic to minimize the heat gain/loss through main housing 18, forcing heat
sink 30 and phase change material 44 to absorb the heat.
Main housing 18 of thermal energy storage unit 12 also includes bottom wall
40. Side walls 20, 22, end walls 24, 26, and bottom wall 40 together form
receiving chamber 42, as shown, for example, in FIGS. 1 and 2. Receiving
chamber 42 of main housing 18 is adapted to contain a phase change material
44. Phase change material 44 can consists of a variety of materials that
change from one phase to another during the application of heat, such as, for
example, paraffin wax. Phase change material 44 absorbs the heat created by
electronics equipment 14 positioned within electronics enclosure 16. Phase
change material 44 is able to store approximately five to ten times more heat
per unit volume of sensible storage than materials such as, water and masonry,
for example and has a low thermal conductivity.
Phase change materials are "latent" thermal storage materials. They
use chemical bonds to store and release heat. The thermal energy transfer
occurs when a material changes from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a
solid form. This is called a change in state or "phase." Initially,
these solid-liquid phase changing materials ("PCMs") perform like
conventional storage materials; their temperature rises as they absorb solar
heat.
Unlike conventional heat storage materials, when PCMs reach the temperature
at which they change phase (their melting point), they absorb large amounts
of heat without getting hotter. Using PCMs it is possible to store large
amounts of heat with only small temperature change since it has a high
storage density. When the ambient temperature in the space around the PCM
material drops, the PCM solidifies, releasing its stored latent heat. PCMs
absorb and emit heat while maintaining a nearly constant temperature.
Positioned within phase change material 44 is an embedded conductive material
46. One embodiment of conductive material 46, as shown in the illustrative
embodiments, is a foraminous or screen-type material that is positioned
within main housing 18. Conductive material 46 is adapted to aid in removing
heat from phase change material 44 to heat pipe 38. Conductive material 46 is
coupled to heat pipe 38 and base plate 34 of heat sink 30. Conductive
material 46 may also be coupled to metallic plate 45 that, in turn, is
coupled to heat pipe 38. While a metallic mesh-type of conductive material 46
is shown, it is contemplated that other heat distributing materials could
also be used to distribute heat through phase change material 44, such as a
series of conductive plates, metal foam or metal fiber. Conductive material
46 is used to improve the Y-axis conductivity, which results in more uniform
temperature throughout phase change material 44.
Heat sink 30 is adapted to capture heat emitted by electronics equipment 14
positioned within electronics enclosure 16, as shown, for example, in FIG. 1.
Heat sink 30 includes base plate 34 that is coupled to main housing 18 by use
of epoxy or other means to secure base plate 34 to main housing 18 to prevent
the release of phase change material 44 from main housing 18. Base plate 34
of heat sink 30 creates a bottom wall to seal off main housing 18.
Heat sink 30 also includes a series of fins 32 that extend outwardly from
base plate 34. Fins 32 capture heat from within electronics enclosure 16 and
transfers the heat to phase change material 44. While heat sink 30 is
preferably made from extruded aluminum, other heat sink materials can also be
used to capture and transfer heat to the phase change material such as cast
aluminum. Heat sink 30 can also be bonded (thermal epoxy), fin, or brazed fin
(folded foil).
Heat pipe 38 of thermal energy storage transfer, systems 10 is a heat
transfer mechanism that can transport large quantities of heat with a very
small difference in temperature between the hot and cold interfaces. Heat
pipe 38 consists of a sealed hollow tube formed from a thermal conductive
metal such as copper or aluminum. Heat pipe 38 contains a relatively small
quantity of a "working fluid" or coolant (such as water, ethanol or
mercury) with the remainder of the pipe being filled with vapor phase of the
working fluid, all other gases being excluded.
Heat pipe 38 is coupled to conductive material 46 by use of metallic plate 45
and passes through aperture 36 of main housing 18. Heat pipe 38 is sealed to
main housing 18 by use of epoxy 48 or other sealing material, as shown, for
example in FIG. 2. Depending upon the size of main housing 18, multiple heat
pipes 38 can be used. Heat pipe 38 transfers heat from phase change material
44 of main housing 18 to condenser 50. The exact number of heat pipes 38 is a
function of length, diameter, wick material, working fluid, operating
temperature, among other factors. Main housing 18 is sized for desired heat
lift, then the number of heat pipes 38 and the type of phase change material
44 are selected when sizing a system.
Condenser 50 is coupled to heat pipe 38 and is adapted to release heat
captured by phase change material 44 of thermal energy storage unit 12.
Condenser 50 includes a series of fins 52 that are positioned within a
convection chimney 54, as shown, for example, in FIG. 3. Condenser 50 and
chimney 54 drive the ability to form an updraft resulting in natural
convection. The number of fins 52 used with condenser 50 is dependent upon
the size of the thermal energy storage unit 12 and the amount of heat that
needs to be removed from electronics enclosure 16. Electronics enclosure 16
may include one or more pieces of electronics equipment 14.
Fans 56 mounted to electronics equipment 14 pull heat from the equipment and
move the heat in direction 58 toward heat sink 30, as shown, for example, in
FIG. 3. Heat sink 30 absorbs heat generated by the electronics equipment 14
and transfers the heat to phase change material 44. Phase change materials or
PCMs can be broadly grouped into two categories; "Organic Compounds"
(such as polyethylene glycol) and "Salt-based Products" (such as
Glauber's salt). Other types of PCMs include salt hydrates, fatty acids and
esters, and various paraffins (such as octadecane).
Condenser 50 is positioned within convection chimney 54, as shown, for
example, in FIG. 3. Chimney 54 is coupled to electronics enclosure 16 and
includes an inlet 60 positioned near the bottom of chimney 54 and an outlet
62 that is positioned near the top of chimney 54. Chimney 54 also includes a
passageway 64 that extends vertically between inlet 60 and outlet 62. Chimney
54 includes insulation to minimize solar gain in the chimney
54. Solar gain from sun exposure would result in lower
performance since a thermal boundary layer grown in the outer walls would
limit internal air flow. Condenser 50 is positioned within passageway 64 near
outlet 62. Heat released by condenser 50 causes hot air to rise and escape
from outlet 62, which, in turn, causes cool air to be drawn into inlet 60.
Electronics enclosure 16 includes reflective insulation 66 that reduces the
amount of radiant heat from the sun that enters electronics enclosure 16 and
reflects heat toward thermal energy storage unit 12.
FIGS. 4a and 4b illustrate variations in the size of the thermal energy
storage transfer system 10. Both systems include a thermal energy storage
unit 12 having a main housing 18 that is positioned within electronics
enclosure 16. The thermal energy storage transfer system 10 of FIG. 4a is
smaller than the thermal energy storage transfer system 10 of FIG. 4b in that
housing 18 of FIG. 4a includes three heat pipes 38 and is design to handle a
smaller heat load. The thermal energy storage transfer system 10 of FIG. 4b
includes four heat pipes 38 and a greater condenser 50 to handle a greater
heat load.
Thermal energy storage system 10 is positioned at the top of electronics
enclosure 16, as shown for example, in FIG. 5 to absorb heat created by
electronics equipment 14. While one thermal energy storage system 10 is shown,
additional systems can be used within electronics enclosure 16 to increase
heat storage and transfer capacity. Electronics enclosure 16 may include
doors 68, 70 to permit access to electronics equipment 14. To keep dust and
other contaminants out of electronics enclosure 16, doors 68, 70 are sealed
and there are no ventilation openings into the electronics enclosure 16.
Alternatively, housing 72 can be used to contain phase change material 44, as
shown, for example, in FIG. 7. Housing 72 includes side walls 74, 76 and back
wall 78, as shown, for example, in FIG. 6. Housing 72 also includes top
flange 80 and spaced apart bottom flange 82. Bottom flange 82 of housing 72
is adapted to accept heat sink 30. Heat sink 30 is coupled to bottom flange
82 by use of epoxy, fasteners or other means to couple heat sink 30 to bottom
flange 82. Housing 72 also includes a cover 84.
Cover 84 of housing 72 includes a top wall 86 and a side wall 88, as shown,
for example, in FIG. 10. Cover 84 is adapted to be coupled to housing 72 to
form a chamber for receiving phase change material 44. Top wall 86 includes a
vent port 90 and a fill port 92 used to fill housing 72. Side wall 88 of
housing 72 includes a series of openings 94 adapted to accept heat pipes 38,
as shown, for example, in FIG. 9. Openings 94 of side wall 88 are sealed with
epoxy 96.
Coupled to housing 72 is a condenser housing 98, as shown, for example, in
FIGS. 6 and 7. Condenser housing 98 includes a first side wall 100 and a
second side wall 102. Condenser housing 98 also includes tapered wall portion
104 and straight wall portion 106. Condenser housing 98 is adapted to contain
condenser 50 and is positioned within convection chimney 54, as shown, for
example, in FIG. 7. Condenser housing 98 also includes bottom wall segments
108, 110 and flanges 112, 114 that extend from bottom wall segments 108, 110.
Bottom wall segments 108, 110 are adapted to support the weight of condenser
50. With condenser housing 72 positioned within convection chimney 54, air
can flow through condenser 50 to remove heat from the thermal energy storage
transfer system.
An alternative arrangement for the conductive material 46 is shown, for
example, in FIGS. 11 and 12. In this arrangement, conductive material 46 is
arranged generally perpendicular to heat sink 30 and heat pipes 38. As shown
in FIG. 12, conductive material 46 extends throughout main housing 18 in an
undulating pattern. This arrangement allows for uniform heat transfer
throughout the phase change material. Multiple heat pipes 38 can be used to
transfer heat from the phase change material to the condenser 50. Using an
undulating conductive material allows heat pipes 38 to be inserted into
housing 18 without the use of conductive plate 45.
While embodiments have been illustrated and described in the drawings and
foregoing description, such illustrations and descriptions are considered to
be exemplary and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only
illustrative embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes
and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to
be protected. The applicants have provided description and figures which are
intended as illustrations of embodiments of the disclosure, and are not
intended to be construed as containing or implying limitation of the
disclosure to those embodiments. There are a plurality of advantages of the
present disclosure arising from various features set forth in the description.
It will be noted that alternative embodiments of the disclosure may not
include all of the features described yet still benefit from at least some of
the advantages of such features. Those of ordinary skill in the art may
readily devise their own implementations of the disclosure and associated
methods, without undue experimentation, that incorporate one or more of the
features of the disclosure and fall within the spirit and scope of the
present disclosure and the appended claims.
* * * * *
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Prima scuola di esperienze di levitazione in Europa
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is a experience of levitation in Europe.
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antigravity
mistic propulsion space e training for space man whit yoga in Rome Italy
Vatican ..
What is antigravity yoga?
http://www.systran.co.uk/
http://translate.google.it/translate_t
traslator in any language
antigravitation, force physique présentée comme une hypothèse qui
frésiste à la force de gravité (Physique) antigravitación (en física -
fuerza hipotética contraria a la fuerza de la gravitación) antigravitatie
(in fysica-hypothetische kracht tegengesteld aan aantrekkingskracht)
anti-gravidade, força hipotética contrária à força da gravidade
Antigravität (in der Physik der Anziehungskraft entgegenwirkende Kraft)
Антигравитация
Антигравитация
—
недоказанное
явление
гравитационного
отталкивания
или
подавления
притяжения,
якобы
существующее
или имеющее
возможность
на
существование
наряду с
обычным
гравитационным
притяжением.Как
литературный
приём, была
неоднократно
использована,
например,
Алексеем
Толстым в
Аэлите,
Николаем
Носовым в
Незнайке
на Луне,
Уэллсом в
романе
Первые люди
на луне.
Με την έννοια
της
αντιβαρύτητας
(antigravity) εννοούμε μία
υποθετική
δράση η οποία
αντιτίθεται
στην επίδραση
της βαρύτητας.
Η
αντιβαρύτητα
μέχρι σήμερα
δεν αποτελεί
επίσημο και
αυστηρά
καθορισμένο
επιστημονικό
όρο.
Χρησιμοποιείται
γενικά για να
υποδηλώσει
την
κατανίκηση
της βαρύτητας με
τη βοήθεια
κάποιων
τεχνητών
μεσων, αλλά
επίσης
χρησιμοποιείται
και στην
προσπάθεια
εξήγησης της
επιταχυνόμενης
διαστολής του
σύμπαντος.
Μέχρι σήμερα η
επιστήμη δεν
έχει
καταφέρει να
αποδείξει την
ύπαρξη μίας
τέτοιας
δύναμης, όπως
επίσης και οι
υφιστάμενοι
φυσικοί νόμοι
δεν
προβλέπουν
την ύπαρξή της (ούτε
όμως την
απαγορεύουν).
Παρ΄όλα αυτά,
υπάρχουν
αρκετές
θεωρίες,
μελέτες και
πειράματα που
ασχολούνται
με τους
τρόπους με
τους οποίους
θα ήταν δυνατό
να
επιτευχθούν
φαινόμενα
αντιβαρύτητας,
αλλά και να
εξηγήσουν
επίσης την
επιταχυνόμενη
διαστολή του
σύμπαντος.
Μεταξύ αυτών,
ορισμένα
υπονοούν και
την ανάγκη
ύπαρξης της
επίσης
υποθετικής,
εξωτικής αρνητικής
μάζας (πχ
μοντέλο
σκουληκότρυπας,
Alcubierre ή warp drive). ÇEKİM KESME ETKİSİ:Mahiyeti
henüz keşfedilmemiş bir enerji sahasının, roket araçları
ve insan vücudu gibi kütleler üzerinde yer çekim kuvvetini kaldırdığı
veya azalttığı sanılan etki
(ש"ע)
אנטיגרביטציה
(בפיסיקה-כוח
היפותטי
המנוגד לכוח
המשיכה)
ثقالة مضادة
الثقالة
المضادة (Anti-gravity)
هي قوى كونية
تعتبر
معاكسة لقوى
ال
جاذبية.
يعتقد بعض
العلماء
أنها القوى
الغامضة
التي تؤثر
على
المركبات
الفضائية.
رغم الجهود
المبذولة،
لم يستطع أحد
إلى يومنا
هذا إثبات
وجود هذه
القوى. تعتبر
هذه القوى من
المواضيع
الرائجة في
الروايات
والأفلام
العلمية
الخيالية.من
خلال صورة
لأبعد مستعر
أعظم بال
فضاء التقطها
تلسكوب (هبل)
الفضائي وجد
العلماء قوة
مضادة
للجاذبية
غامضة تجعل
ال
كون يتمدد
بمعدل
تسارعي
منتظم. وهذا
الاكتشاف
يدعم مفهوما
سبق
لأينشتين
اقتراحه من
خلال مقولته
عن الثابت
الكوني (cosmological constant)
ثم استبعده
قائلا: هذه
أكبر غلطة في
عمري، فلقد
كان لاكتشاف
هذا المستعر
مثارا
للدهشة
لفريق البحث
ومن بينه
الفلكي آدم
ريس من جامعة
بريكلي
بكاليفورنيا.
ولقد حاول
الفريق
المكون من 15
عالما البحث
عن أخطاء ما
في هذا الكشف
الغريب فلم
يجدوها.لأنه
لو صح فإنه
سيتحدى
الأفكار
السائدة عن
تاريخ
الفضاء
والزمن.
لأنهم
اكتشفوا
القوة
مستعينين
بتلسكوب هبل
الفضائي
والتلسكوبات
الأرضية في
هاواي
وأستراليا
وتشيلي.
وعندما
حللوا الضوء
الوافد من 14
مستعر أعظم (نجوم
متفجرة) تبعد
عن الأرض
بحوالي 7– 10
بليون
سنة
ضوئية (السنة
الضوئية
تعادل 6تريليون
ميل) . وكان
العلماء
يتوقعون أن
تمدد الكون
متباطئ
قليلا
بتأثير
الجاذبية.لكنه
في الواقع
يتسارع وسوف
يستمر لدرجة
أن كثيرا من
الhjhjhjhنجوم
التي نراها
سوف تختفي
بعد بلايين
السنين ولن
نراها
وسيكون
الكون مكانا
مختلفا عما
ألفنا عليه
في رؤيتنا
وسيكون
فريدا. فلو
كان تمدد
الكون
متسارعا فإن
هذا معناه حل
مسألة قياس
عمر الكون
لعشرة
بلايين سنة .
وهذا يعتبر
عمرا أصغر
وأقصر من عمر
بعض النجوم .
وهذا
التضارب
كانت متاهة
واجهت
الفلكيين .
لكن لو كان
معدل
التسارع
لتمدد الكون
قدر .. فإن عمر
الكون يناهز
علي 14 بليون
سنة . وهذا
معناه أنه
أقدم من أقدم
النجوم
ببليوني سنة.
antityngdkraft (fysik-motstånd till tyngdkraften)
Anti-gravity
Anti-gravity is the hypothetical idea of creating a place or object that
is free from the force of gravity . It does not refer to
countering the gravitational force by an opposing force of a different
nature, as a helium ballon does; instead, anti-gravity requires that
the fundamental causes of the force of gravity be made either not present
or not applicable to the place or object through some kind of
technological intervention. Anti-gravity is a recurring theme in science
function , particularly in the context of spacecraft propulsion . The
concept was first introduced formally as "Carvorite" and
has been a favorite deus is macchina since that day.