bellisismo video sdello sato dell
arte di antigravità E ALTRI RELATIVI LINK CHE COME AL SOLITO VERRANNO
OSCURATI QUINID VI CONSIGLIO DI PRENDERE LA PAGINA SOURCE IN HTML
http://inphobe.blogspot.com/2009/08/antigravity-state-of-art-2005.html
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P H Y S I C S A N D T H E U N I V E R S E |
T O P I C S |
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Galaxy M-100
Courtesy AURA/STScI, NASA contract NAS5-26555
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Dynamics of
Galaxies Home:
Cats
The galaxy depicted above is classified as a barred-spiral
type. About 78 percent of galaxies are of the spiral type, and one
quarter of them have spirals that begin from the center with a short straight
bar segment. Those galaxies in which the spiral structure is not apparent are
called elliptical which is actually a misnomer because if viewed head-on they
are circular, these account for 18 percent, and the remaining 4
percent are designated as irregular. Current cosmology has no definitive
answers regarding the genesis of galaxies.
Because the form of galaxies is determined by the dynamic
balance between the gravitational and inertial forces, it is in principle
possible to determine the mass distribution from the shape of a galaxy. From
the pictures is apparent that the mass density decreases toward the periphery.
This means that the gravitational force also becomes weaker with the distance
from the center, which in turn requires that the stars in the outer parts of
the galaxy move slower than those near the center. Therefore, with time, the
arms are progressively winding up. Consequently, it can be concluded that, at
some time in the past, the two arms must have protruded in a straight line.
Furthermore, since the arms in different galaxies are wound up to a different
extent, it follows that they have been created at different times. It has
also been determined that the elliptical galaxies contain older stars
than those found in spiral galaxies. This implies that the elliptical form
merely represents a spiral galaxy whose arms have completely wound up. If
this is the case, then there exists a consistent cycle in the life of
galaxies.
Under this assumption, a rudimentary computational
simulation gives the results shown below:
| Since there exist galaxies whose arms have less than a
single turn, it follows that they must have been formed relatively
recently. The amount of winding up depends on the difference
between the rotational speed of the inner and outer parts of the
galaxy. It is known that our own galaxy, the Milky Way, turns once in
about 200 million years, and since its arms are still discernible to
the extent permitted by the view within the arm, it could not have
been formed soon after the time of the supposed "Big Bang",
some 15 billion years ago. Recently were also observed very powerful
explosive events at various distances in the observable universe.
These facts lead to the plausible conclusion that galaxies may be
continuously formed and destroyed.
A typical galaxy, like our Milky Way, whose diameter is about
100,000 light-years (0.946 x10^21 m) contains some 100 to 200 billion
stars like our sun. A valid question regards the galaxy size limit.
According to the present views, gravity, whose genesis has not been
explained earlier, decreases with the square of the distance, which
does not limit the size of galaxies.
Also, in currently fashionable gravitation theories it is assumed
that gravity propagates with the speed of light, but, as already
determined by Laplace, this is erroneous.
All of these, and other unresolved issues can be conceptually
solved if it is assumed that the universe is filled with a fundamental
substance, called aether. In addition to these compelling
reasons, the ancient thinkers came to the same conclusion through
reasoning.
Thus, let us investigate what properties the aether must have to
produce the observed physical reality.
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Aether
and Gyrons
Present physical theories are based on numerous postulates
for such things as forces, momenta, energy, mass, charge, etc., which
are not defined in terms of comprehensible concepts. For example, a force
that causes attraction through empty space is clearly impossible to
comprehend. Although one can obtain some useful results by manipulating
mathematical expressions based on such postulates, this approach has neither
yielded progress in philosophy, nor has it enabled further progress in
practice. Common sense tells us that, to investigate something effectively,
we should know what we are dealing with. As I describe in my book,
the ancient Greeks have delineated the basic questions, but they failed to
develop the required mathematics, and have not performed the necessary
experiments to verify their hypotheses before their civilization collapsed.
Nevertheless, the Greek philosophers came to the correct conclusion that
there exists a fundamental substance which must be atomistic. This means that
the ultimate constituent parts of this substance must not be further
divisible. Furthermore, since the observed physical reality is changing,
these fundamental entities, which they called atomos, must be in
perpetual motion. The issue that was not effectively resolved regards the
shape and size of these 'atoms' (gyrons).
With the advances in experimental techniques and
mathematics we can now begin to resolve this remaining issue. Since Dalton
inappropriately utilized the Greek terminology I decided to call the
fundamental entities gyrons. It turns out that the gyrons can all be
identical, and that the observed physical variety can be produced through the
variations in their motion. Thus, only their size and form must be specified.
Since gyrons are the ultimate material entities, it is not possible to
investigate them directly by experimental means. Therefore, one must make a
plausible hypothesis, and then employ mathematics to relate the collective
motion of gyrons to the observable phenomena on a larger scale. Experimental
and theoretical considerations lead us to the conclusion that aether must be
an anisotropic gas, which requires that the gyrons are non-spherical. Further
considerations indicate that the gyrons have likely the form depicted below.
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A E T H E R |
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G Y R O N |
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Each gyron moves in a straight line while at the same time rotating
around its center.
These gyrons, colliding with each other, comprise the gas called
aether.
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Gyrons are very small on our scale, their length probably corresponds to
the Planck length, which is 1.6 x10^-35 m. In comparison, the diameter of a
proton is 1.5 x10^-15 m. The gyrons are spread throughout the universe, and
the majority of them are undergoing random collisions with each other. In
this condition they are comprising what we call the vacuum. Thus,
vacuum is not empty, it contains the random moving gyrons whose motion
represents the potential energy. The average gyron speed corresponds to the
speed of light, while some of them move slower, and some faster.
Like in material substances, if the equilibrium condition is disturbed,
waves can propagate in the aether. The most commonly observed aether waves
are called electromagnetic waves, to which belongs light. In these waves the
gyrons move as a group in a non-random spiral pattern which is called a
photon. The intensity of light depends on the number of photons moving
together. If the spiral trajectories of the participating photons move in
unison, then the light is termed coherent. Coherent light is generated in
lasers, while incoherent light comes from the sun and common illumination.
As in material fluids, there can also exist vortices in the aether.
In an aether vortex the gyrons move non-randomly in a closed circular
pattern. The simplest aether vortex is called electron. Since there
are possible only right-handed, and left-handed rotations, we have also only
two kinds of electrical charge. The charge is conserved because the rotation
in the vortex is conserved. However, if a right-handed, and a left-handed
vortex meet, the rotation cancels, and charge disappears. This is termed
annihilation of matter with anti-matter. The disturbance associated with such
an event causes the generation of photons. The images below show the
organized trajectories of gyrons manifested as photons, and electrons.
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P H O T O N S |
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E L E C T R O N S |
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| The above plots show the trajectories of gyrons in
photons, one with right-handed polarization, and the other with
left-handed polarization. The darkness of the lines indicates the
concentration of gyrons participating in these wave packets.
The organized motion of gyrons in the aether causes a pressure drop
within the photon. Therefore high energy photons, in which more gyrons
participate in the organized motion, are smaller.
With the rotational motion in the spiral is associated centrifugal
acceleration of gyrons, which is manifested as the transverse
electromagnetic field. The equations relating the various parameters
are presented in my other web-site: http://www.neuronet.pitt.edu/~meno/
and below in the EXPERT
section.
The photon has a remarkably simple dynamic structure, and its
wavelength is equal to its circumference, so that l
= p*diameter. The organized
group moves with the speed of light, but individual gyrons move faster
by the factor of square root of two.
This model accounts for all the experimentally verified properties
of electromagnetic radiation.
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These plots depict the orbital trajectories of gyrons
comprising the vortices in the aether that we call electrons. The
right-handed, and left-handed rotations correspond to the positron and
negatron, which represent the two electrical charge units. All the
surrounding space is filled with randomly moving gyrons, comprising
the vacuum. As an analogy, the vacuum corresponds to still air,
and electrons to tornadoes.
The orbital speed of gyrons on the surface of these toroidal
vortices is equal to the speed of light, but internally the speed
increases, and approaches infinity at the center. However, the density
of gyrons at the center is zero, so that no physical singularity is
encountered.
The electric and magnetic fields are produced by the radial
acceleration of gyrons and vorticity, while the gravitational field is
the result of aether drift into these vortices. To maintain the
necessary balance, an equal number of gyrons is ejected longitudinally
with very high speed. This model is thus in agreement with the
requirement that gravitational interaction exceeds the speed of light,
as determined by Laplace.
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The
Observed Physical Reality
All material structures are considered to be various assemblies of the
basic electron vortices. Protons are probably assemblies of electrons in a
manner resembling hurricanes which can contain many tornadoes. Of course, the
analogy is only marginally valid because the atmospheric vortices are axial,
while the stable aether vortices are toroidal. In addition to this, air is
essentially an isotropic fluid, while aether is anisotropic, thus supporting
more involved dynamic structures.
In this sense, electron-type vortices can assemble to produce mesons,
which in turn assemble to produce protons and neutrons. The latter then
assemble in nuclear structures to produce the various isotopes within the
periodic system of elements. These nuclear structures are in turn orbited by
electron vortices. This dynamic behavior is based on the interplay between
the angular and linear motion of gyrons in various stable dynamic
arrangements. On a larger scale we have similar behavior in the planetary
systems, and eventually in galaxies. All these phenomena can already be
qualitatively accounted for by this model. However, the quantitative aspects
are quite involved, and will require the development of suitable mathematical
tools.
My model of physical reality does not require introducing any dogmatic
concepts, it is based purely on geometrical and kinematic relationships in
the familiar three-dimensional space. This is what the ancient Greek
philosophers were striving for. Later it was eloquently stated by Descartes: Give
me extension and motion, and I will construct the universe. Descartes
lacked the necessary mathematical tools, especially calculus, which was soon
thereafter introduced by Newton. Newton's work, with subsequent contributions
by Euler, Faraday, and Maxwell, enabled me to fully account for the
electromagnetic phenomena, while gravity and nuclear structures require
additional development.
Without going into advanced mathematics, a rudimentary outline of the
basic formulation of my theory in quantitative terms may be helpful. As
stated above, we begin with the hypothesis that the void space in the
universe is partly filled with gyrons in perpetual motion. When collisions
occur, the motion can be transferred from one gyron to the next, but the
combined motion is never reduced.
The first useful quantity is the ratio between the occupied and unoccupied
space, corresponding to the ratio of the volume occupied by the gyrons, and
the remaining void space. It is clear that the greater the gyron density, the
more collisions will take place per unit of time, and hence, the pressure in
the aether will be higher there. It turns out that what is termed potential,
is proportional to the gyron density and the square of their average speed.
The volume occupation ratio g, is
mathematically defined as
g = volume
of space occupied by the gyrons located in a unit volume / (unit volume -
volume of gyrons),
where (unit volume - volume of gyrons)
represents the void space per unit of space volume. Thus,
g = Vg
/ (vol-Vg)
Since this simple parameter plays a central
role in the description of electromagnetic phenomena, it is worth elaborating
on it. Note that if the universe were a mere void space, then Vg would
be zero, and so would g. In
the opposite extreme, if the universe were completely filled with gyrons,
then vol = Vg, and g
would be infinite. Since gyrons are completely incompressible, the parameter g
in essence measures the stiffness of the aether substance. Its inverse 1/g,
is then a measure for
compressibility of the aether gas. Since the void space is relatively
sparsely populated with gyrons, aether is in principle a highly compressible
fluid, but since nothing else exists to contain it, no direct experimentation
is possible.
By multiplying g
with the square of the speed of light, corresponding to the average speed of
gyrons, we obtain what is termed electrical potential V, commonly
called voltage.
V = (go
-g
)c^2
Thus, the voltage difference between
two places in space is proportional to the difference in gyron population
between the two places in space with gyron densities go
and g
.
What is called electrical charge can
be expressed in units of q = a
c^2,
where a
stands for the length of the gyron. Consequently, since energy has the units
of potential multiplied by charge w = qV, it follows that, in
fundamental parameters, energy is expressed in units of w = a
g c^4.
In a similar manner, all other
quantities, utilized in physics, can be expressed merely in terms of length
and speed, which are the units for the phenomena Descartes was talking about,
namely extension, and motion. The measuring unit for time is length divided
by speed, or in particular t = a
/ c. Absolute
time is of course passing, but our measurement of it depends on the speed
with which the gyrons are moving at a particular location.
The observed physical reality,
including the sharks below, is nothing more than an intricate choreography of
gyrons.
These, and various other issues are
elaborated in my book.
The point I am making is that no incomprehensible and bizarre concepts are
needed to describe nature.
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[Barra di spostamento non disponibile nel Web corrente]
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Toward the end of the 19th century, physics encountered a roadblock. At
that time it was believed that the observed matter has its own existence,
while being embedded in the aether. Since this is not the case, the
experiments to determine the existence of an aether failed. This prompted
Albert Einstein to introduce the theory of relativity which is based
on a dogmatic proclamation that the speed of light is constant regardless of
the motion with which the measuring apparatus moves through space. Einstein's
assumption excludes the existence of an aether, but it can mathematically
describe the observed situation. By eliminating the medium in which the
electromagnetic waves propagate, Einstein faced the dilemma to account for
the observed wave phenomena associated with light and the rest of
electromagnetic radiation. Hence, he introduced the bizarre "wave-particle
duality" concept, which is still taught in schools.
Although this concept is physically irrational, the physics establishment
latched on to it and refuses to change its position in spite of the fact that
the issue regarding the existence of the aether has been resolved by assuming
that matter does not exist on its own, but is merely a dynamic state (vortices)
in the aether.
I cannot prognosticate how long this situation will last, but it is clear
that no progress can be made unless the concept of the aether is reintroduced,
and research becomes based on that premise.
A number of difficulties must be removed before this situation can be
reversed. The major obstacle is the current socio-economic dynamics in which
the physics establishment, controlling education and research, is supported
through political means. This hampers a change for two reasons: the academic
leadership is not eager to change a lucrative situation, and the students are
indoctrinated to follow the tradition and prolong the status-quo.
Somewhere out there in the aether, those who are interested in
understanding the physical reality, and are able to shake off the
indoctrination, plus have the luxury not to depend on the establishment, are
invited to contact me, because it would be useful to establish communication
and a publication dedicated to this subject.
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[Barra di spostamento non disponibile nel Web corrente]
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END
antigravity.it
Prima scuola di esperienze di levitazione in Europa
Antigravity.it
is a experience of levitation in Europe.
Ogni girono dal 1999
aggiorniamo il sito con i diari e news creando annali di informazioni
che si basano sulla data esempio antigravity.it/01012005.html quindi
inserendo le date potrete ricevere le informazioni . "essere
umano di solito perc
episce le cose al contrario" : esempi
recenti :
donare è più bello
che ricevere . prova a donare anche tu ( donation is easy )
antigravity
mistic propulsion space e training for space man whit yoga in Rome Italy
Vatican ..
What is antigravity yoga?
http://www.systran.co.uk/
http://translate.google.it/translate_t
traslator in any language
antigravitation, force physique présentée comme une hypothèse qui
frésiste à la force de gravité (Physique) antigravitación (en física -
fuerza hipotética contraria a la fuerza de la gravitación) antigravitatie
(in fysica-hypothetische kracht tegengesteld aan aantrekkingskracht)
anti-gravidade, força hipotética contrária à força da gravidade
Antigravität (in der Physik der Anziehungskraft entgegenwirkende Kraft)
Антигравитация
Антигравитация
—
недоказанное
явление
гравитационного
отталкивания
или
подавления
притяжения,
якобы
существующее
или имеющее
возможность
на
существование
наряду с
обычным
гравитационным
притяжением.Как
литературный
приём, была
неоднократно
использована,
например,
Алексеем
Толстым в
Аэлите,
Николаем
Носовым в
Незнайке
на Луне,
Уэллсом в
романе
Первые люди
на луне.
Με την έννοια
της
αντιβαρύτητας
(antigravity) εννοούμε μία
υποθετική
δράση η οποία
αντιτίθεται
στην επίδραση
της βαρύτητας.
Η
αντιβαρύτητα
μέχρι σήμερα
δεν αποτελεί
επίσημο και
αυστηρά
καθορισμένο
επιστημονικό
όρο.
Χρησιμοποιείται
γενικά για να
υποδηλώσει
την
κατανίκηση
της βαρύτητας με
τη βοήθεια
κάποιων
τεχνητών
μεσων, αλλά
επίσης
χρησιμοποιείται
και στην
προσπάθεια
εξήγησης της
επιταχυνόμενης
διαστολής του
σύμπαντος.
Μέχρι σήμερα η
επιστήμη δεν
έχει
καταφέρει να
αποδείξει την
ύπαρξη μίας
τέτοιας
δύναμης, όπως
επίσης και οι
υφιστάμενοι
φυσικοί νόμοι
δεν
προβλέπουν
την ύπαρξή της (ούτε
όμως την
απαγορεύουν).
Παρ΄όλα αυτά,
υπάρχουν
αρκετές
θεωρίες,
μελέτες και
πειράματα που
ασχολούνται
με τους
τρόπους με
τους οποίους
θα ήταν δυνατό
να
επιτευχθούν
φαινόμενα
αντιβαρύτητας,
αλλά και να
εξηγήσουν
επίσης την
επιταχυνόμενη
διαστολή του
σύμπαντος.
Μεταξύ αυτών,
ορισμένα
υπονοούν και
την ανάγκη
ύπαρξης της
επίσης
υποθετικής,
εξωτικής αρνητικής
μάζας (πχ
μοντέλο
σκουληκότρυπας,
Alcubierre ή warp drive). ÇEKİM KESME ETKİSİ:Mahiyeti
henüz keşfedilmemiş bir enerji sahasının, roket araçları
ve insan vücudu gibi kütleler üzerinde yer çekim kuvvetini kaldırdığı
veya azalttığı sanılan etki
(ש"ע)
אנטיגרביטציה
(בפיסיקה-כוח
היפותטי
המנוגד לכוח
המשיכה)
ثقالة مضادة
الثقالة
المضادة (Anti-gravity)
هي قوى كونية
تعتبر
معاكسة لقوى
ال
جاذبية.
يعتقد بعض
العلماء
أنها القوى
الغامضة
التي تؤثر
على
المركبات
الفضائية.
رغم الجهود
المبذولة،
لم يستطع أحد
إلى يومنا
هذا إثبات
وجود هذه
القوى. تعتبر
هذه القوى من
المواضيع
الرائجة في
الروايات
والأفلام
العلمية
الخيالية.من
خلال صورة
لأبعد مستعر
أعظم بال
فضاء التقطها
تلسكوب (هبل)
الفضائي وجد
العلماء قوة
مضادة
للجاذبية
غامضة تجعل
ال
كون يتمدد
بمعدل
تسارعي
منتظم. وهذا
الاكتشاف
يدعم مفهوما
سبق
لأينشتين
اقتراحه من
خلال مقولته
عن الثابت
الكوني (cosmological constant)
ثم استبعده
قائلا: هذه
أكبر غلطة في
عمري، فلقد
كان لاكتشاف
هذا المستعر
مثارا
للدهشة
لفريق البحث
ومن بينه
الفلكي آدم
ريس من جامعة
بريكلي
بكاليفورنيا.
ولقد حاول
الفريق
المكون من 15
عالما البحث
عن أخطاء ما
في هذا الكشف
الغريب فلم
يجدوها.لأنه
لو صح فإنه
سيتحدى
الأفكار
السائدة عن
تاريخ
الفضاء
والزمن.
لأنهم
اكتشفوا
القوة
مستعينين
بتلسكوب هبل
الفضائي
والتلسكوبات
الأرضية في
هاواي
وأستراليا
وتشيلي.
وعندما
حللوا الضوء
الوافد من 14
مستعر أعظم (نجوم
متفجرة) تبعد
عن الأرض
بحوالي 7– 10
بليون
سنة
ضوئية (السنة
الضوئية
تعادل 6تريليون
ميل) . وكان
العلماء
يتوقعون أن
تمدد الكون
متباطئ
قليلا
بتأثير
الجاذبية.لكنه
في الواقع
يتسارع وسوف
يستمر لدرجة
أن كثيرا من
الhjhjhjhنجوم
التي نراها
سوف تختفي
بعد بلايين
السنين ولن
نراها
وسيكون
الكون مكانا
مختلفا عما
ألفنا عليه
في رؤيتنا
وسيكون
فريدا. فلو
كان تمدد
الكون
متسارعا فإن
هذا معناه حل
مسألة قياس
عمر الكون
لعشرة
بلايين سنة .
وهذا يعتبر
عمرا أصغر
وأقصر من عمر
بعض النجوم .
وهذا
التضارب
كانت متاهة
واجهت
الفلكيين .
لكن لو كان
معدل
التسارع
لتمدد الكون
قدر .. فإن عمر
الكون يناهز
علي 14 بليون
سنة . وهذا
معناه أنه
أقدم من أقدم
النجوم
ببليوني سنة.
antityngdkraft (fysik-motstånd till tyngdkraften)
Anti-gravity
Anti-gravity is the hypothetical idea of creating a place or object that
is free from the force of gravity . It does not refer to
countering the gravitational force by an opposing force of a different
nature, as a helium ballon does; instead, anti-gravity requires that
the fundamental causes of the force of gravity be made either not present
or not applicable to the place or object through some kind of
technological intervention. Anti-gravity is a recurring theme in science
function , particularly in the context of spacecraft propulsion . The
concept was first introduced formally as "Carvorite" and
has been a favorite deus is macchina since that day.
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