Quando le diverse molecole permanente non saranno magnetizzate, è possibile in alcuni casi avere una permeabilità magnetica relativa u che è meno d'una.  Un tal materiale, come idrogeno o BISMUTO, è denominato diamagnetic.  Tende ad espellere il campo magnetico ed è respinto dalle regioni del campo magnetico più forte.  I nomi paramagnetici e diamagnetic sono a volte confusi:  paramagnetico è analogo ad un dielettrico in un campo elettrico, mentre diamagnetic è abbastanza l'opposto.  Non è possibile dare una discussione semplice di perchè il diamagnetism può accadere.  è in senso stretto un effetto di quantum.  Tuttavia, uno può vedere che ci potrebbero essere tendenze diamagnetic se le correnti elettriche possono fluire all'interno delle molecole.  Un campo magnetico aumentante tende sempre all'induce le correnti per fluire in modo da tendere ad impedire l'aumento nel campo.  Ciò è (almeno temporaneamente) un genere diamagnetic di effetto.  Così il caso dove il permeablility magnetico relativo u < 1, is connected  with the flow of electric charges in a magnetic field. There is no analogous  case with electric fields since isolated magnetic poles do no, so far as is  known exist. - "The New Physics" edited by Paul Davies ----------------------- -----------------------------------------   GE engineer Henry Wallace found unusual gravitational effects in spinning odd  atomic nulceide metals. Odd atomic nucleide metals are those in which the sum  of the protons are not equal to the number of neutrons, i.e. more neutrons.  See US patents 3626605 and 3626606. -Ron Kita ----------------------------------------------------------------------   "Also indicated in the embodiment is the orientation of the flux within the  mass circuit, the latter being constructed preferredly of BISMUTH." - Henry Wallace, US patent # 3626605, Method and Apparatus for  Generating a Secondary Gravitational Force Field ----------------------------- ----------------------------------------   AUTHOR(s): Uyeda, C. Yamanaka, T. Miyako, Y. TITLE(s): Magnetic rotation of diamagnetic oxide crystals and the origin of diamagnetic anistropies.  In: Physica B. Condensed matter. MAY 01 1995 v 211 n 1/4 Page: 342 ---------------------------------------------------------------------   A while back I had the need to take a peek at a copy of the periodic table of  elements. So I grabbed my old, dusty college chemistry book that I could never  quite bring myself to toss. It's called "Chemical Principles", published WAY  back in 1970. While looking through the book, I was stunned when I came across  a discussion of the possibilities of new elements. "What lies ahead for the synthesis of transuranium elements? Will there be  more radioactive and extremely short-lived species such as 97 through 104? It  now appears as if there is a chance of reaching a new zone of stability that  might even include some none radioactive elements. Calculations with nuclear  shell models have led to the expectation that element 114, with 114 protons  and 184 neutrons (both magic numbers in the new shell theory) would be an  island of stability in a sea of instability." I noted that some information was taken from an article in the April 1969  (pages 57-67) issue of "Scientific American" by Dr. Glenn Seaborg. In this  article, there are excellent graphics showing the expected half-lives of all  the heavyweights. They predict a fission half-life for the most stable isotope  of 114 of 10 to the 16th years, and a alpha-decay half-life of 1,000 years.  They didn't go into the same level of detail for 115, but it looks like the  stuff would clock out considerably sooner by way of beta decay. BTW, according  to the article, the proper terminology to denote an undiscovered element in a  periodic column is the prefix "eka". Therefore element 115 should be eka- BISMUTH. Lose this Un-un-pentium crap! - Tom Mahood ------------------------------------------------------------------------   Lazar is not the only one to theorize that the 114/115 area is stable. Check  out the August 31, 1991 issue of New Scientist -- that respected peer-reviewed  periodical. Find Glenn Seaborg's article called "The search for the missing  elements." Seaborg is a renowned scientist who won the Nobel Prize for  Chemistry in 1951. He and his research group at the Lawrence Berkeley  Laboratory have discovered 10 of the transuranium elements. His article is  very technical and interesting, and in it he has two separate graphs that show  islands of stability at the 114/115 area. There is a sea of instability around  these "islands." ------------------------------------------------------------- -------------   AUTHOR(s): Bhattacharyya, S. Ghoshal, A. Ghatak, K.P. TITLE(s): On the field emission from bismuth in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field. In: Fizika; a journal of experimental and theoretic  APR 01 1991 v 23 n 2 Page 159  AUTHOR(s): Byrne, A. P. Birkental, U. Hubel, H. TITLE: High-Spin States in 205Bi. In: Zeitschrift fur Physik. A, Atomic nuclei  1989 v 334 n 3 Page: 247  AUTHOR(s): Vezzoli, G.C. Chen, M.F. Craver, F. TITLE(s): Magnetically-related properties of bismuth containing high Tc superconductors. In: Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials.  AUG 01 1990 v 88 n 3 Page 351  AUTHOR(s): Bannerjee, D. Bhattacharya, R. TITLE(s): Magnetic Properties of Single Crystals of Bismuth Doped with Lead and Tin. In: Physica status solidi. b: basic research.  JAN 01 1990 v 157 n 1 Page 443  AUTHOR(s): Zhilyaev, I. N. TITLE(s): Observation of kinetic paramagnetic effect in bismuth in a transverse magnetic field. In: Soviet journal of low temperature physics.  SEP 01 1988 v 14 n 9 Page 502  AUTHOR(s): Mondal, M. Banik, S.N. Ghatak, K.P. TITLE(s): Effect of a quantizing magnetic field on the Einstein relation in bismuth. In: Canadian journal of physics. JAN 01 1989 v 67 n 1 Page 72  AUTHOR(s): Zheng, Q. Zeng, Z. Lai, W. TITLE(s): The influence of Al on the electronic structure and magnetic properties of doped MnBi with huge enhancement of Kerr rotation. In: Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials.  FEB 01 1992 v 104/107 p 2 Page 1019 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------   CONDENSED MATTER, ABSTRACT COND-MAT/9601068 From: arghya@mri.ernet.in ("Arghya  Taraphder") Date: Wed, 17 Jan 1996 14:30:54 +0500 The Exotic Barium Bismuthates Authors: A. Taraphder, Rahul Pandit, H.R. Krishnamurthy, T.V. Ramakrishnan  We review the remarkable properties, including superconductivity, charge- density-wave ordering, and metal-insulator transitions, of lead- and  potassium-doped barium bismuthate. We discuss some of the early theoretical  studies of these systems. Our recent theoretical work, on the negative-$U\/$,  extended-Hubbard model for these systems, is also described. Both the large-  and intermediate-$U\/$ regimes of this model are examined, using mean-field  and random-phase approximations, particularly with a view to fitting various  experimental properties of these bismuthates. On the basis of our studies, we  point out possibilities for exotic physics in these systems. We also emphasize  the different consequences of electronic and phonon-mediated mechanisms for  the negative $U.\/$ We show that, for an electronic mechanism, the \secin  \,\,phases of these bismuthates must be unique, with their transport  properties {\it dominated by charge $\pm 2e$ Cooperon bound states}. This can  explain the observed difference between the optical and transport gaps. We  propose other experimental tests for this novel mechanism of charge transport  and comment on the effects of disorder. -------------------------------------- -----------------------------------   Huston, David L. The nature and possible significance of the Batamote copper-bismuth-silver  anomaly, Pima County, Arizona / by David L. Huston and Paul K. Theobald.  Washington : U.S. G.P.O. ; Denver, CO : For sale by the Books and Open-File  Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990. v, 19 p. : ill., maps LC CALL  NUMBER: QE75 .B9 no. 1907 (ALTERNATE CLASS QE390.2.C6) SUBJECTS: Copper ores-- Arizona--Batamote Mountains Region. U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1907  Beck, Sherwin M. Measured electron conversion ratios for the 1064-keV gamma ray of bismuth-207,  by Sherwin M. Beck. Washington, National Aeronautics and Space Administration;  [for sale by the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical  Information, Springfield, Va.] 1970. 39 p. illus. 27 cm. LC CALL NUMBER: TL521  .A3525 no. 6057 SUBJECTS: Bismuth--Isotopes. Nuclear counters. NASA technical note, NASA TN D- 6057 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------   The following is an excerpt from a telephone interview between Stanton  Friedman (F) and Dr. Robert Sarabacher (S). Sarabacher was a prominent, US  government scientist who had a secret briefing with Canadian scientist Wilbert  Smith in 1950 and told Smith that that facts in a recent popular book about a  UFO crash at Aztec, New Mexico were "essentially true" and that UFO's were  classified by the US government 2 points higher than the H bomb. Sarabacher  died in July 1986. Before Sarabacher died, Stanton Friedman did a phone  interview with him. In between Friedmann's attempts to dig more UFO info out  of Sarabacher, there was a lot of small talk, and since Sarabacher was fairly  old, he tended to ramble a bit. However, a most interesting statement was made  by Sarabacher:  F: Were you guys talking about nuclear powered flight at that time?   S: Oh, we were possibly, yes, but I held, had certain ideas see,  one of the problems today, we really don't know what gravity is. We don't know  and I had an idea, I'm willing to work on it in one of my theses but then my  professor didn't believe me, but I had determined that BISMUTH did not obey  the laws of gravity. So I thought that, "Gee, there's a leak". I might be able  to get nature to tell me something.  So where exactly is Bismuth on the Periodic Table of Elements? Why directly  above where 115 would fall if it exists. And the way the table works,  (generally speaking) elements in the same column have similar properties. So,  just what the hell was Sarabacher referring to? I don't know, but it's sure  intriguing! It appears it was back when he was a grad student, in maybe the  30s or 40s. Whatever it was, it was at the very edge of the ability of  equipment at the time. Does Bismuth possess any very subtle anomolous physical  properties? -- Tom Mahood --------------------------------------------------------------------------   In the Wallace patent, #3626606, Figs. 7A and 7B are side views of a gravity- NEUTRALIZING FLYING SAUCER, or, if anchored to the ground, a ZERO-GRAVITY  CHAMBER. Each oval diagram shows a motor spinning a central disc at a very  high speed, about 28,000 RPM, and also rotating two other discs sandwiched  around the first disc, via gears, at a much slower speed, perhaps 2,800 RPM,  in the opposite direction. The two outer discs have extensions [counter- balanced via off-center axis] that, as they rotate, alternately make contact  with two wide extensions from opposite walls of the spacecraft. The central  disc should have shallow spiral-shaped grooves on both sides for air-bearings,  to allow the needed very close contact with the two outer discs. Each of the  two outer discs has ONLY ONE [counter-balanced] extension, each one pointed  opposite (180 degrees) the extension of the other disc. The most important  factor making it work is that the discs, extensions, and outer walls of the  spacecraft MUST be made of any material(s) in which a very large majority of  the atoms are of isotopes having "HALF-INTEGRAL ATOMIC SPINS", such as copper  (3/2). - Robert E. McElwaine -----------------------------------------------------------------------   AUTHOR(s): Sun, W. Stephen, J.T. Wu, Y. TITLE(s): Rotation-Induced Resonance and Second-Order Quadrupolar Effects on Spin Locking of Half-Integer Quadrupolar Nuclei. In: Journal of magnetic resonance. series a.  OCT 01 1995 v 116 n 2 Page: 181  AUTHOR(s): Seliger, J. Blinc, R. TITLE(s): Orientation dependences of quadrupolar spin-lattice relaxation rates of spin-3/2 nuclei subject to a random two-site exchange in a  high magnetic field: a theoretical study. In: Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Inst  DEC 13 1993 v 5 n 50 Page: 9401 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------   Thanks for the patent info about Wallace, I got them a few days ago and found  it quite enjoyable. Actually, many people have had this notion at one time or  another, I think Oleg Jefimenko wrote a book relating to this subject. -- Keith Nagel  AUTHOR: Jefimenko, Oleg D. TITLE: Electricity and magnetism : an introduction to the theory of electric and magnetic fields / Oleg D. Jefimenko. EDITION: 2nd ed. PUBL.: Star City, W. Va. : Electret Scientific Co., DATE: 1989 SUBJECT: Electromagnetism ISBN: 0917406081  AUTHOR: Jefimenko, Oleg D. TITLE: Electrostatic motors; their history, types, and principles of operation (by) Oleg D. Jefimenko. With many illus., of which 57 are by David  K. Walker. PUBL.: Star City (W. Va.) Electret Scientific Co. DATE: 1973 SUBJECT: Electrostatic apparatus and appliances   AUTHOR: Jefimenko, Oleg D. TITLE: Causality, electromagnetic induction, and gravitation: a different approach to the theory of electromagnetic and gravitational fields"  b PUBL: Star City [West Virginia] : Electret Scientific Co., DATE: 1992. SUBJECTS: Electromagnetic fields. Gravitational fields. Causality.  Maxwell Equations.  AUTHOR(s): Jefimenko, Oleg D. TITLE(s): Direct calculation of electric and magnetic forces from In: American journal of physics. JUL 01 1990 v 58 n 7 Page 625  AUTHOR(s): Jefimenko, Oleg D. TITLE(s): Direct calculation of the electric magnetic fields of an electric point charge moving with constant velocity. In: American journal of  physics. JAN 01 1994 v 62 n 1 Page 79  AUTHOR(s): Jefimenko, Oleg D. TITLE(s): Force exerted on a stationary charge by a moving electric current or by a moving magnet. In: American journal of physics. MAR 01 1993 v 61 n 3 Page 218  AUTHOR(s): Jefimenko, Oleg D. TITLE(s): Retardation and relativity: The case of a moving line charge. In: American journal of physics. MAY 01 1995 v 63 n 5 Page 454  AUTHOR(s): Jefimenko, Oleg D. TITLE(s): Retardation and relativity; Derivation of Lorentz-Einstein transformation from retarded integrals for electric and magnetic fields. In: American journal of physics. MAR 01 1995 v 63 n 3 Page 267  AUTHOR(s): Jefimenko, Oleg D. TITLE(s): Solutions of Maxwell's equations for electric and magnetic fields in arbitrary media. In: American journal of physics. OCT 01 1992 v 60 n 10 Page 899 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------   "Anti-Gravity Electronics", H. Aspden, Electroncis & Wireless World,  Jan 1 1989, Vol 95 No 1635 Reinterpretation of Netwon's third law of motion suggests that it depends upon  an electronic action. Electronic interaction therefore explains the  paradoxical anti-gravity properties of the force precessed gyroscope.  "The Anti-Gravity Puzzle", Mark Ander, Professional Pilot, Aug 1 1989  Exploring the possibility of exceptions to Newton's inverse-square law of  gravity, scientists pursue evidence in strange locations.   "The Latest Antigravity Gossip", Rock & Ice, Nov 1 1994 No 64   "Propulsion by Gyro", Eric Laithwaite, Space, Sep 1989 Vol 5 No 5  In an attempt to reveal the strange, hidden properties of gyroscopes,  Professor Eric Laithwaite explains the physics behind the idea that a  propulsion system could be built using gyros. -------------------------------- ----------------------------------   "Negative Mass in General Relativity", H. Bondi, Reviews of Modern  Physics, Vol 29, July 1957, pp 423-428  "Looking for New Gravitational Forces with Antiprotons", M.M. Nieto and  B.E. Bonner, Proceedings RAND Workshop on Anti Proton Science and Technology,  World Scientific, Singapore, 1988 pp 328-341   "Negative and Imaginary Proper Masses", Y.P Terletskii, Paradoxes in  the Theory of Relativity, Plenum, New York 1968, Chapter VI pp 83-115   "Gravitational Coupling of Negative Matter", A. Inomata and D. Peak,  Nuovo Cimento, Vol B63 Sep 1969 pp 132-142   "Negative-Mass Lagging Cores of the Big Bang", B.D. Miller, Astrophysical  Journal, Vol 208, Sep 1976 pp 275-285  "The Cosmological Term, the Shielding of Gravitation and the Negative Mass  Hypothesis", A.A. Baranov, Izvestiya VUZ Fizika, Vol 14 Nov 1971 pp 118-120   "Negative Masses and the Energy-Sources of the Universe", Y.P. Terletskii,  Experimentelle Technik der Physik, Vol 29 April 1981 pp 331-332 -------------- --------------------------------------------------------------   ELECTROMAGNETIC-GRAVITATIONAL CONVERSION CROSS SECTIONS IN EXTERNAL  ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste (Italy). LONG, HOANG  NGOC SOA, DANG VAN TRAN, TUAN A. SEP. 1994 11 PAGES DE95-613589 IC-94/285  Avail: CASI HC A03/MF A01 (US Sales Only) The classical processes: the  conversion of photons into gravitons in the static electromagnetic fields are  considered by using Feynman perturbation techniques. The differential cross  sections are presented for the conversion in the electric field of the flat  condenser and the magnetic field of the solenoid. A numerical evaluation shows  that the cross sections may have the observable value in the present technical  scenario. CASI Accession Number: N95-30637 -------------------------------------------------------------------------   I have an excerpt from a paper presented under the auspices of Northrop Corp.  in 1968 that gives an idea of why you would want to bother with high voltage  fields. To achieve the effects described involved relatively small high  voltage. The true electrogravitational effects are significant at higher E  field strength. In any case, this was only the state of the art in 1968. Their  involvement in the B-2 began much later, after considerably more research.   Electroaerodynamics In Supersonic Flow by M. S. Cahn and G. M. Andrew, Northrop Corporation, Hawthorne, California  Presented at AIAA 6th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, January 22-24, 1968 - Tom  Capizzi (tcapizzi@world.std.com) ------------------------------------------------------------------------   ELECTRO-AERODYNAMICS: Electric charges are applied to high-speed  vehicles for the purpose of reducing air drag or eliminating sonic booms.  High-speed ions are projected forward from the leading edges of the craft, the  corona glow propagates forward and repels air molecules away from the oncoming  surfaces, thus a shock wave cannot be mechanically produced.   Sources: Dudley, Horace C., Analog Science Fact & Fiction. "The  Electric Field Rocket", November 1960.  Product Engineering. "Sonic Boom Experiments", Vol. 39, New York, pp. 35-6,  March 11, 1968.  US Patent No. 3,095,167, Dudley. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------  

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