ANTIGRAVITY or GRAVIFUGAL FORCE and GRAVIFUGAL FLYING CRAFT antigravity physics Dear visitor, sorry having to say: antigravity does not exist. Fortunately, instead of it, there is, a gravifugal force. This force is real, experimentally proved, and something much better and much more useful than so called antigravity. The gravifugal flying craft is probably the first and, in same time, the last real, or true fundamental discovery in a field of research of so called antigravity. Author About the author Petar Bosnić Petrus - 1948 - Prof. of philosophy and history of art, revolutionary, dissident, mathematician, physicist, inventor etc. a.k.a. also: Prophet, One In Ten Thousand Years, New Light, New Hegel, New Copernicus, Einstein, Leonardo, Tesla etc. etc. 1982. book "Critics of dialectics", "one of the greatest revolution in philosophy", and excommunication from academic society. 1986. Project of gravifugal flying craft, patented 1989. in Belgrade, ex Yugoslavia. 1987.discovery of possibility of creating of particles much faster than light, and project of nucleospinal reactor and supraluminal spaceship. 1989. book Summa Oecconomiae, a.k.a. "New economic Bible", or "science of future". "Capital is an artificial being, created by human race. It is means of realisation of vital aims of human race. Top of its development is transformation in "artificial private owner" 1992. book "Apokalipsa" - new Theory on history. History is a process of creating and development the artificial being. 1996. "New Theory of time" 1998. "Introduction in politology". "Society is an artificial organism". Politics is artificial will of that organism and will of artificial being in general. Logocracy will replace democracy ..... "..... Q Are you really a new Einstein, Tesla, Leonardo...? A In one of the previous interviews, I have just explained my place and my function in this part of universe , and I can only repeat that explanation: " At the first, God created the natural being, nature. After it, man has created the artificial being. Than, I came, and explained to them what they have done." Human race is nothing more but one of instruments of self-awareness and self- understanding of nature, universe, or God Himself,. My own spirit is nothing more but instrument of self-awareness or self-understanding of human race. Q Many people called your theories "physics of miracle". Is it correct? A No. It is a miracle of physics. Q Will anyone ever understand your theories? A Great truths are always incredibly simple. Theories given by Copernicus, Galileo, Newton and others constitute those great truths upon which the entire physics is based. Today, it is difficult to find anybody - even a person of school age - who can not understand these things. Q And your formulae...?? A If you are not an expert, you don't have to decipher them. Each is accompanied by a verbal explanation which can be understood, even by a child. Q Your "Antigravitation Theory" is destroying "Newton's Theory." A No. "Antigravitation",i.e. "Gravifugal force Theory" stems from the Newton"s"Theory of Gravitation", and, consequently substantiates it, but in unexpected way. Q Discovering supra-light particles and nucleospinal reactor, you buried Einstein? A No, it is not correct. The main part of "Theory of Relativity" is perfectly accurate, but it is not talking about the world and events beyond man`s being (events in the world), as Einstein himself and the physicists came after believed. Rather, it deals only with the distortions of man's perception, just like Epicycles Theory favored by Ptolemy, which was better, and more precise, experimentally proved than Einstein`s theory. Epicycles are also distortions of man's perception, distortions caused by movement of Earth - paralactical illusion on the sky. Einstein is Ptolemy of our age. Him misconception regard reality of certain phenomena caused known incomprehensibility of the "Theory of Relativity", and misconception regard a top velocity of light. Light does not exist. Velocity c is a "transference constant" of vacuum or space. People will travel through universe much times faster than light, and information much times faster than people. .... Now you can clearly see that I am not "New Copernicus" or "New Einstein", or something like that, but rather poor New Aristarchus. Q Why "poor"? A Because I will also have to wait many centuries for full affirmation of my theories. You probably know that Aristarchus discovered true Heliocentric structure of Solar system. Him discovery was re-discovered and affirmed 17 centuries after, by Copernicus. " Globus, 22. 3. 1993. More about Antigravity i.e. gravifugal force and gravifugal space ship and more about supralight spaceship in my book "New physics", at the addresses: or www.1stbooks.com or bkorders@1stbooks.com paul@1stbooks.com Dr.Petar Bosnić Petrus, Langova 35, 10430 Samobor, Croatia, email: agravity@yahoo.com , and: petar.bosnic@inet.hr sites : www.deneb.org/petrus If you want to read something more about the UFO phenomenon, click the following link: Scientifically paper PACS 03 02 + i (Classical physics) ANTIGRAVITY or GRAVIFUGAL FORCE AND GRAVIFUGAL FLYING CRAFT Confirmed by experimental proofs Gravifugal force = antigravity, but term "antigravity" is quite incorrect. If it is not a problem, please use the correct term "gravifugal". The Gravifugalman, Prof. Bosnic will be grateful to you. Part I Content: 1.Gravifugal Technology and the Civilisation of the Human Race part II 2.Definition of the Gravifugal Force 3.Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces 4.Centripetal, Axipetal, and Axilongal Forces 5.Specific Features of the Rotating Mass of Celestial Bodies 6.Vectorial Analysis of a Rotating Mass at the Geographical Latitude j = 45O a) First Group of Facts -- Values of the Gravifugal and Gravipetal Forces b) Second Group of Facts -- Relative Value of the Gravipetal Force c) Third Group of Facts -- the Value of the Axilongal Force Faxl 7Very important note - potential serious objection 8List and equations of forces 10.Double-Curved Trajectory of the Ring Mass (The first key part of the theory) 9.Experimental Proofs (The second key part of the theory) 11.Application of the Presented Principles on the rotation of ring of the Gravifugal Flying Craft 12.Behaviour of gravifugal Flying Craft and Its Accordance with Energy Conservation Law part III 13.Small, Experimental Gravifugal Flying Craft 14.Alternative device 15.Attention 16.Gravifugal Flying Craft Fitted with Rings that are Permanent Magnets Petar Bosnic Petrus ANTIGRAVITY or GRAVIFUGAL FORCE and GRAVIFUGAL FLYING CRAFT Part I Gravifugal Technology and the Civilisation of the Human Race The concept of the gravifugal flying craft is firmly rooted in the laws of physics. It is my unshakeable belief that this device will be the final stage, the synthesis, in the development of flight technology. This flying craft has been conceived as a safe, low-cost means of transport in outer space, as well as in inter-continental and inter-urban distances. At the risk of being hastily regarded as an ignorant, dreamer (or even a charlatan!) by the great majority of my colleagues, I nevertheless maintain that this type of flying craft will serve not only as a means of transport, but also as a basis for construction of floating family houses, buildings, hospitals, hotels, laboratories, and indeed, of floating cities, islands, etc. Furthermore, I am convinced that the future, MATURE form of civilisation of the human race will not be built on the surface of this planet, but rather that it will float in the atmosphere, and in the immediate space surrounding planet Earth. The material civilisation of today, in which we take so much pride, is but a passing lower stage in the development of that civilisation. If gravifugal flying craft were to function as calculations indicate it should, it will become clear that a means of transport superior to anything that has existed and imagined to date has been discovered and, as I hope, one of the oldest and greatest dreams of mankind - the ability to conquer gravitational force - will have been realised. Mankind never desiderated something more than gravifugal flying craft can give to us. That is why I have stated gravifugal flying craft is also the last fundamental discovery in this field. Utter simplicity of the gravifugal flying craft, calculations, and indirect experimental evidence lead me to the conclusion that attempts made to explore the universe by rockets was a mistaken approach, erroneous way - a blind alley. In itself, such a misguided approach would not represent a great problem if it did not constitute one of the mayor factors which discourage progressive forces and serve to undermine our faith in the future. My research into the laws of development of civilization, as presented in my book "Apokalipsa" point to the conclusion that human civilization is entering in one of its greatest crises, one that is sadly inevitable since it is the result of those very laws which govern the development of civilisation. Although I have described the crisis as inevitable, I remain convinced that is damaging effects could be lessened, and the number and gravity of its consequences could be reduced and alleviated. In addition to growing world chaos, economic crises, generally widening impoverishment insecurity of life, as well, as other calamities, the crisis is further manifested in a loss of faith in the creative ability of the human spirit and its propensity to make more meaningful the life of mankind. In place of science a more or less sophisticated superstition, accompanied by regressive and destructive ideas is being disseminated, of course in a form of very attractive and revolutionary scientific theories. One of the last productions of that intentions is the Theory of chaos. In fact this theory is nothing more than a disingenuous, over-subtle expression of chaos in theory and in human spirit as such. I firmly believe that mankind has to expand and make itself at home in expanses of space, if not for the shake of its mission, then for reasons of sheer survival. If we restrict ourselves to this planet alone we are in danger of degenerating and of becoming extinct. The galactic expanses that now appear to us as abysses of nothingness, cold and deathly , could in fact prove to be the promised Gardens of Paradise, but only for those among the intelligent species who endeavour to achieve a level of development which enables them to make use of those expanses and thereby earning the right to enjoy their immortality within them. Natural way of mankind is an expansion in universe. If it is not happen, degeneration is occur. Building of Gravifugal flying craft is a inevitable first step in that way. Helping in a practical realisation of this project, you are helping to normal, natural way of survival of mankind and natural way of development of civilization. You will help very much even you put this link on your site. In the name of human species and future mankind, thank You ! Petrus Attention !!! Although very long, this article is just a particle of "Gravifugal theory" and its applications. Entire work you can find in book NEW PHYISCS. In the same book you can find also the article about nucleospinal reactor and supraluminal (overlight) space ships. And one interesting article about development of human material civilisation and its final forms and aims. Information about book NEW PHISICS you can get now at the address: or www.1stbooks.com , bkorders@1stbooks.com , or paul@1stbooks.com / Short history of this project The physical principles of functioning of gravifugal flying craft was discovered 1986. Followed mathematical and technological elaboration and it was patented in Belgrade, ex Yugoslavia 22.11. 1989. After it, I tried to publish an articles like this, in all scientifically magazines in the world. After more than 300 unsuccessful attempts, at 1996. I published a part of book at internet, at the site html ,and www.deneb.org/petrus , and this too. The first serious interest was shown at the end of 2000. by engineer. of aerospace technology, Kevin Golsh, Clearwater, Florida ,USA, and his brother Kyle. They asked me all drawings, because they wanted to build one gravifugal flying craft, and test my ideas. I hope they will be constant, and their work will be successful. But I also hope that other people will help to this project. One of the many reasons: with gravifugal flying craft it could be easy to get x - prize - 10. 000. 000 US $ Unfortunately, regard it I can do nothing more. My problem, now is sheer survival. Author. P. Bosnic Petrus News At 18. 02. 2002, by help of one small team of physicist and engineers,(volunteers), here in Croatia, I started up one small gravifugal device 34 cm in diameter, ring 30 cm, strength capacity 1,2 kW, three phase current, frequency, only 50Hz and 24 V. Although the device is very bad one, projected by me - Prof. of philosophy and history of art), it functions and we , at the first attempt achieved desired results - magnetic levitation and, in the same time, stable rotation of ring , without axis and any vibrations. Importance of such device? Only with such type of device(but the larger and better one) is possible to achieve sufficient large velocities of ring able to produce sufficient strong gravifugal force and, finally , gravifugal levitation. I believe the biggest obstacle now is solved, and gravifugal levitation is not any problem, since gravifugal force, caused by rotation of Earth, was discovered and measured with highest degree of accuracy long time before I was born. Problem is a money and production technology for improvement and building larger device capable to achieve gravifugal levitation. Part II Definition of the Gravifugal Force When speaking about the gravifugal force we in fact refer to a certain sort of centrifugal force created by rotation in which gravity acts as centripetal (i.e.gravipetal) force. Direction of the gravifugal force is always opposite to that of the gravipetal (gravity).This concept of gravifugal force is based on Newton's understanding of gravity as an attracting force, on the law of action and reaction, and the law of inertia, and has been deduced from them by means of the mathematical tools provided by the Huygens's theory of the centrifugal force. Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces Designations "centripetal" and "centrifugal" do not denominate any special forces, but rather directions in which a particular force acts during a rotational process -- towards the centre or away from it, or rather, towards the axis of rotation or away from it. Any of the known forces may be centripetal in direction, that is to say, perform the function of the centripetal force. The following table lists all centripetal and centrifugal forces Designation of special forces Centripetal forces Centrifugal forces Gravity Electricity Magnetism Nuclear force Cohesion Gravipetal force Electropetal force Magnetopetal force Nucleopetal force Cohesipetal force Gravifugal force Electrofugal force Magnetofugal force Nucleofugal force Cohesifugal force Fundamental forces Function Reactions Pseudoforces The above table clearly shows that the function of the centripetal force is performed by fundamental forces, with the exception of the cohesive force; hence its slight separation from the others. Centripetal, Axipetal, and Axilongal Forces In regard to the direction of action it is also important to differentiate between axipetal and centripetal forces. Axipetal force is directed toward the axis of rotation, and the centripetal toward the gravity centre of the rotating celestial body. Particularly, I want to draw attention to the axilongal force - the one acting along the axis of rotation. This force can be caused exclusively by the rotation of a celestial body, or by the rotation of a disc or ring within a gravitational field. Specific Features of the Rotating Mass of Celestial Bodies First and foremost, it must be pointed out that the cohesipetal force which enables a solid body to rotate (without solid body being dispersed) is not a fundamental force but an inertial, pseudo-force. Differences in the after-effects of rotation of solid body(with regard to the rotation of a celestial body) result from the fact that rotation of celestial bodies is made possible by the fundamental, gravipetal force. It is of utmost importance. Let us observe Figures 1a and 1b which show forces that result from the rotation of a steel sphere (1a) and the forces created by the rotation of a spherical celestial body (1b). Lines of the cohesipetal force resulted from the rotation of a steel sphere are perpendicular to the rotation axis and at the same time are parallel to one another, and since they are directed toward the rotation axis they are designated as lines of the axipetal force. Lines of the gravipetal force are directed to a single point in the centre of a celestial body, while the gravifugal force Fgf spreads radially from that point -- the point of application of force. Figure 1 a and 1 b In the case of the steel sphere, force Faxl (axilongal force), active in the direction that is parallel to the rotation axis, will equal zero for two independent reasons: 1.In accordance with the laws of symmetry, the force directed upward from the plane of rotation equals the force directed downward so consequently, the two cancel each other out. 2. We can arrive at the value of the force parallel to the rotation axis by multiplying either the cohesifugal or the cohesipetal force by cos90o, which equals zero. Bearing in mind that cos 900 = 0 the force parallel to the rotation axis, i.e. the force active in the direction, Faxl, will equal zero regardless of the velocity at which a ring or some other mass may rotate. However, the very fact that gravipetal and gravifugal forces (Fig. 1b) spread in a different manner from cohesipetal and cohesifugal forces (Fig.1a) indicates that where the rotation of a celestial body is concerned, the axilongal force, Faxl could exceed zero value. This in turn means that the concept of the gravifugal flying craft is not a pointless one, since the rotation of a ring rotating in the vicinity of some celestial body would create the axilongal force, Faxl the value of which would be proportional to the rotation velocity, v of the ring. Vectorial Analysis of a Rotating Mass at the Geographical Latitude j = 45O a) First Group of Facts -- Values of the Gravifugal and Gravipetal Forces Rotation of the mass of a celestial body at its equator is determined by only one force: gravipetal force, Fgp, while rotation at latitudes greater than zero requires an additional force: cohesipetal force Fcp (Fig. 2). This force is always perpendicular to the direction of both the gravipetal and gravifugal forces. Its function is to maintain the observed mass on a parallel the radius of which is smaller than the radius of its equator. Cohesipetal force, Fcp is in fact a mechanical tension (tension of the solid body material) directed toward a designated point on the rotation axis of celestial body which is, in fact, the point of application of the cohesipetal force. Figure 2 If there were no cohesipetal force, an observer standing on Earth (and rotating with it) would notice that the observed mass is accelerating toward the equator, i.e. in the direction of the cohesifugal force Fcf. This potential trajectory is marked by the curved dotted line culminating in an arrowhead. The component known as the "horizontal component of geocentrifugal, (i. e. of geoaxifugal) force" is in fact nothing more than the cohesifugal force Fcf. To a stationary observer in space recording the trajectory of the observed mass this trajectory would appear to be circular -- designated as an ellipse (dotted line) in Fig. 2. (The cohesipetal force appearing in connection with rotating celestial bodies is ultimately a derivative of the gravitational force. This can be observed directly in rotating gaseous bodies, i.e. those without solid crust. However, this is neither the place nor the time to go into a detailed explanation of this phenomenon.) The expression for the value of the gravifugal force is ; , and for the value of cohesifugal force it is b) Second Group of Facts -- Relative Value of the Gravipetal Force Figure 3 is a representation of rotation of the observed mass at . Let us first assume that an observed celestial body is not rotating, in which case the only force existing there would be gravity. If that were the case, the observed mass would exert pressure on the surface of the celestial body of . There is no rotation and no symmetry in relation to the rotational plane P. Now let us assume that the linear velocity of the mass equals the velocity of satelisation: c. 7900 m/s. At that velocity and at the given geographical latitude j = 45O all four forces determining the rotation of the observed mass -- the forces of the inner circle -- would be equal: c. 9.81 N. It is clearly visible that they are symmetrical in relation to the rotational plane, but the weight of the observed mass, or rather the pressure it exerts upon the surface of the celestial body, has fallen to zero. Let us further assume that the rotational velocity of a celestial body could be considerably increased, and together with it the velocity of the observed mass, and let us observe the behaviour of the forces (after such increase in velocity). The outer circle represents the area of increased speed and the limit to which the observed forces have increased. Figure 3 Our observation will tell us that the only forces to have increased would be pseudo-forces: cohesipetal, cohesifugal, and gravifugal. This is logical and, indeed, essential, since the value of these forces depends on the factor , i.e. it is proportional to velocity v and inversely proportional to the value of radius R. The fourth force, gravipetal force Fgp, has not increased. This is a fundamental force and its absolute value is determined by the expression , and it existed prior to rotation, which was not the case with the other three pseudo-forces. The relative value of the gravipetal force is inversely proportional to the rotational velocity of the celestial body, i.e. to the velocity of the observed mass. This relative value of the gravipetal force, Fgp is defined by the expression . The greater is the value of pseudo-forces or rather,the higher is the rotational velocity of a celestial body, the lower is the relative value of the gravipetal force. At this juncture I should point out that the value of the gravifugal force cannot exceed the absolute value of the gravipetal force since that would contradict Newton's Law of action and reaction. When the velocity of the observed mass exceeds the velocity of satelisation vs it is not the value of the gravifugal force which increases, bur rather the observed mass must increase the radius R of its trajectory, i.e. the distance from the centre of the celestial body -- that is to say, from the point of application, or source of the gravipetal force. In fact, the observed mass must lift off the surface -- in other words, it starts to levitate. The most important observation at this point is that there is no longer any symmetry in relation to the rotational plane P. The vector sum of the forces at the "upper" side of the plane is greater than the sum of the forces at its "lower" side. This means that the observed mass will accelerate in the direction of the gravifugal force Fgf. The ring of the gravifugal flying craft, to be discussed later in this text, behaves in exactly the same manner. c) Third Group of Facts -- the Value of the Axilongal Force Faxl However, vital to the requirements of the gravifugal flying craft is the value of acceleration in the direction of the axilongal force Faxl . Figure 4 will assist us in determining the value of that acceleration. Figure 4 Velocity of the observed mass is considerably greater than the velocity of satelisation. The value of the axilongal force Faxl is arrived at by multiplying the cohesipetal force Fcp by cosj and the gravifugal force Fgf by sinj , and then by adding the two results. From the obtained total we deduct the value of the cohesifugal force Fcf, multiplied by cosj . The value of the axilongal force is therefore proportional to the rotational velocity v, to the sinus of the angle F , and inversely proportional to the motion radius of the observed mass R, i.e. to the distance from the centre of the celestial body. only in three cases: a) , b), and c) ( is only at the Equator). only at the equator. If we want to know a velocity maintaining in equilibrium and derivative of gravitational force , we can get it by equation:. Values achieved by this equation are in quite accordance with establish knowledge and experience Very important note - potential serious objection Somebody could claim that, for axilongal force, F axl, in every case (at every geo. lat.) radius R (i.e. radius-vector of gravipetal force, or acceleration g sinj which is parallel with axis of rotation of celestial body) will be infinite,ˇ , and consequently, value of axilongal force, F axl will be zero,0. This is very serious objection, and I can contravene it only by my opinion that follows: This objection is absolute correct in a case of rotating of a solid body,(e.g. steel sphere) where the direction of centripetal (cohesipetal) force and its value depends on rotation of that body. However, in a case of rotation of celestial body, direction of spreading of radius-vector of centripetal (gravipetal) force, R not depends on rotation of celestial body. Direction of action of gravipetal force is unchangeable because it is not apparent, than rather fundamental force, which always is directed to the gravity center of celestial body. Because of it is impossible that the radius-vector of gravipetal force, R has an infinite value, ˇ . Acceleration g sinj ( parallel with axis of rotation) is not radius-vector of gravipetal force, R but just a quantitative derivative of gravipetal force or gravipetal acceleration. It has zero value only at the equator, as I stated above. List and equations of forces Given below is the list of all forces as well as the list of eqations giving their values.. Table 2. List of Forces. Gravitational, ------------------------------ Gravipetal, or Gravifugal, or Cohesipetal, or Cohesifugal, or Axipetal, or Axifugal, or Axilongal or Figure 5 depicts all those forces graphically Figure 5 Double-Curved Trajectory of the Ring Mass (The first key part of the theory) In an effort to make things as simple and clear as possible, thereby making the problem easier to understand, I ask the reader to imagine a rotating ring (as shown in Figure 6) at some moderately high geo. latitude. If we wanted to present the motion of the ring mass through Euclidean geometry we should take into consideration, above all, the fact that every particle of the ring mass on the way from point A to point F is always at equal distance from the centre of the celestial body. It is assumed, of course, that the axis of rotation of the ring is identical, or co-axial to the direction of action of gravity. If the trajectory of the ring mass from point A to point F is projected onto a plane we shall obtain a symmetrically curved line (part of a circle) since all points are at equal distance from the centre only within a circle. From the projected trajectory it is easier to understand why the rotation of the ring must necessarily cause the gravifugal force Fgf. By the way of clarification, during rotation of the ring its mass is continually "falling" or veering toward the centre of the celestial body (point of application of the gravipetal force). The trajectory of the ring mass is simultaneously curved toward the centre of the ring and the centre of the celestial body. The curvature toward the ring centre is visible to the naked eye, whereas the curvature toward the centre of the celestial body can be understood only on the basis of a knowledge of spherical geometry and the correct method of arriving at conclusions Figure 6, Figure 7 In order to make it quite clear, I would now like to give an elementary explanation of the above claims whereby the trajectory of any particle in the ring mass is not straight but curved, in other words, it veers constantly toward the centre of the celestial body. I would ask the patient reader to make a paper cone and then to draw lines on its outer surface that would extend from the base to the point (Figure 7). Now place the cone base down on a table or any flat horizontal surface. We shall see that the edge of the base touches the flat surface at all points, thus giving the impression of being as flat as the surface upon which it rests. However, when we open the mantle of the cone and spread it out we shall see that it is not flat at all, but spherical, circular (i.e. curved) and that each point on its edge is removed from the former top of the cone by the same distance. Just as this edge veers constantly toward the former top of the cone, so do the particles of the mass of the rotating ring constantly veer toward the centre of the celestial body forming a curved, circular trajectory. It is difficult to perceive that the edge of the base is curved toward the top of the cone unless the cone mantle is opened and spread out. Similar difficulty is encountered in observing the real form of the trajectory followed by the particles of the ring mass. At first glance no one would venture to say they veer constantly toward the centre of the celestial body (say, Earth). The mass of the ring resists this veering toward the centre of the celestial body, i.e. it resists the change in direction of its motion. The consequence of this resistance, i.e. of inertia, is the gravifugal force, Fgf. The direction of its effect is marked by arrows on Figure 7. Experimental proofs (The second key part of the theory) Experimental proof of the existence of the gravifugal force can be found in gravimetrical tables in every text-book of geophysics. Measured values of the gravifugal force or acceleration are in absolute accordance with the values calculated on the basis of the expression . Gravimeter is measuring slight declinations in values of gravity caused by gravifugal force, flatnes of Earth and some other very small factors. Every point on every parallel on Earth (every geo. lat.) we can regard as point of mass of rotating ring presented at fig. 6 and 8. Experimental proof of the existence of the axilongal force can be found in tables of navigation by gyrocompass. Every gyrocompass is provided with tables of "error of geograpfical latitude" (slight declination toward East). This "error" remains unexplained till today. I have explained it by the influence of the axilongal force. Now it is possible to calculate the "error of geographical latitude" by the following equation: Angle is the value of "error"; is the force caused by the gyroscopical inertia (of the gyrocompass rotor). Application of the Presented Principles on the rotation of ring of the Gravifugal Flying Craft Ring The gravifugal flying craft is a device in which a large-diameter ring rotates at high velocity. The rotation axis would always be co-axial with the direction of action of the gravitational force. See Fig. 8The craft would lift off and levitate by means of the force resulting from the rotation of the ring, and would be active along the rotation axis. I have designated this force as the "axilongal force". Axilongal force is, as already explained above, a derivative of the gravifugal force, Figure 8 The ring of the gravifugal flying craft would have a radius from 1 to, for instance, 20 metres. It would be the same as if a certain mass were revolving round the polar axis at a distance of a mere 10 metres, which corresponds to the geographical latitude of j = 89.9999102. The sinus of that angle is practically 1, and on that basis the equation for the value of the axilongal force could be as follows: and for the value of the resulting force or acceleration it could be: . At the velocity of 7900 m/s the ring of the gravifugal flying craft should levitate, and at velocities above that value it could lift a casing enclosing it. A ring of sufficient strength should be able to carry a flying craft bearing a useful load. Behaviour of gravifugal Flying Craft and Its Accordance with Energy Conservation Law Astronautical experience has confirmed the theory that the higher an artificial satellite flies, or rather, the greater is its distance R from the centre of the Earth, The lower must be its velocity. This is an inevitable consequence of the Law of conservation of energy: . The greater is the height h of an artificial satellite, i.e. the longer is the radius R of its orbit round the centre of the Earth, the greater is its potential energy , and consequently, the lower is its kinetic energy which is in turn lessened by the reduction in the velocity v of the satellite. Energy conservation law is also valid in case of the gravifugal flying craft. Kinetic energy of its ring is calculated by equation and its potential energy by equation. , . Factor , than we can write . Since the factor h is in fact radius R, they cancel each other out, and we write , , w is the angular velocity of the ring, I is the momentum of inertia of the ring, mfc is the total mass of the gravifugal flying craft, including also the ring mass, h, height is radius R i.e. distance from the centre of Earth. The last equation clearly shows that behaviour of the gravifugal flying craft is in accordance with the energy conservation law. The larger the radius R and its potential energy, the lower is its kinetic energy i.e.angular velocity, ?w of its the ring. Part III Small, Experimental Gravifugal Flying Craft Fig. 9 1: Ring; 1a: section comprising iron core; 1b: aluminium or copper mass; 1c: carbon fibre; 2: casing area; 3: iron lamellas making up the iron core; 4: carbon-fibre construction; 5:stabilising gyroscope ; 6. coils Figure 9 Diameter of the ring is 1.06 m. Maximal, theoretically possible gravifugal force is 760 N. The ring has no firm axis. It is floating in the magnetic field of the casing. Because of the magnetic field of the casing, the ring cannot touch the walls of the casing.The magnetic field serves as a frictionless magnetic bearing - maglev system. Coils are powered by 3-phase electric current. They are mounted in such a way as to allow creation of a revolving magnetic field. By linking the coils into the electric circuit an opposing magnetic field is also induced in the ring mass. Due to the effect of the magnetic field the ring detaches itself from the casing wall on which it has rested and begins to turn in the same direction as the magnetic field of the casing. The velocity of the ring is dependent on the velocity of rotation of the casing magnetic field, while the rotation velocity of the magnetic field is dependent on the frequency of the electric power (alternating). Please provide frequency between 50 Hz - 530 kHz .Casing should be provided by 156 lamelas, i. e. 156 electromagnetic poles. If a flying craft with an aluminium ring were to be fitted with a battery of 50 Ah capacity that could feed electric energy reliably to the device for at least 2.5 hours (i.e. 9000 seconds) and if electricity from a domestic power supply were used to accelerate the ring up to the moment it is able to ensure vertical acceleration of the flying craft of only o.1 m/sec2 (in order to avoid air resistance in the lower strata of the atmosphere), and if the craft begins to use power from its own battery only after it peels away from the launching lawn, then an average acceleration of the craft at least 2.3 m/sec2, after 9000 seconds, can be relied upon. According to the formula = the flying craft will reach the distance, l of 93,150 km, which is one-quarter of the distance to the Moon. According to the formula for calculation of the ultimate speed: v = at = 2.3 x 9000 it will move away from Earth at the speed of 20,700 m/sec. If the craft is launched 60 minutes before sunrise it will travel into the endless Universe at the speed of 50,700 m/sec (including the speed of Earth -- 30,000 m/sec). Alternative device If you are using only minimal number of poles (lamelas) (9 electromagnetic poles casing), and want only to make a ring to levitate, you should to provide frequency of 22,2 kHz. This frequency could able ring to rotate at cca 8000m/sec and levitate. If you want just to decrease weight of ring, eg. in a value of 10%, you should provide frequency of 7,9 kHz. In this case the gyroscope need not be provided, than rather one balance. Attention The ring becomes to decrease its weight only when its velocity exceed the linear velocity of Earth at your experimenting place, i.e. at your geographical latitude. E. g. velocity of Earth at geo. lat. 300 is cca 400m/sec. and at geo. lat. .450 is 338m/sec. Gravifugal Flying Craft Fitted with Rings that are Permanent Magnets In order to demonstrate just how economical gravifugal propulsion can be, on the following pages I shall give a presentation of the construction and utilisation of a gravifugal flying craft using permanent magnet bearings. These are, in fact, two steel magnetic rings positioned so that facing poles repel each other. The bottom, rotating, ring creates the gravifugal force while the top, stationary, ring acts as the bearing for the rotating ring. See Fig. 10 Figure 10 Fig. 10 1 - the entire rotating ring (rotor); 1a - permanent magnets used to decelerate the ring; 1b - layer of carbon fibre; 1c - electromagnets which accelerate the ring. These magnets comprise no coils, merely a diamagnetic casing round a ferromagnetic mass; 1d - permanent magnet (ring) which propels the flying craft; 2 - casing wall; 3 - evacuated casing area; 4 - stationary magnetic ring; 5 - electromagnets which decelerate the ring; 6 - coils of electromagnets; 7 - structure of the flying craft with carbon fibre or aluminium; 8 - electric batteries; 9 - useful area. The advantage of such a flying craft in comparison with the one described previously lies in the fact that it consumes no energy when constantly hovering at any given altitude, the hovering being ensured by the remanent magnetism of the rotating and static rings, i.e. their repellent force. Should altitude be reduced, the kinetic energy of the ring rotation would be transformed back into electric energy by means of permanent magnets (1a) and coils (6) and stored in batteries. The electric energy would, of course, also be used for the horizontal acceleration and deceleration. But for horizontal movement can be used and some other kind of energy, or fuel. Bearing in mind that when hovering at any given altitude, these craft would consume no energy, they would be suitable for use as floating family homes, hotels, hospitals, industrial plants, observatories, etc. Floating platforms of this type could be positioned at any altitude above the equator, and also above the poles. Main part of future Mankind will probably live in floating cities and on floating islands. RUSSIAN ANTIGRAVITY EXPERIMENT

RUSSIAN
ANTIGRAVITY EXPERIMENT

 

Experimental Research of the Magnetic-Gravity Effects 

V. V. Roschin, E-mail: rochtchin@mail.ru>
S. M. Godin, E-mail: serjio@glasnet.ru>

 Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Science, Izhorskaya 13/19, Moscow 127412, Russia 

Abstract
In the present paper the results of the experimental research of Magnetic-Gravity Effects are presented. The abnormal magnetic and thermal changes in the radius of 15 meters from the researched device were measured as well. PACS: 41.20.-q; 44.60.+k; 76.50.+q

 1. Introduction
There has been a great interest in examining nonlinear effects in the system of rotating magnetic fields. Such effects have been observed in the device called Searl's generator or SEG (SEG, Searl Effect Generator) [1-4]. An SEG consists of a series of three rings and rollers that go around those rings. All parts of SEG are based on the Law of the Squares. The rollers revolve around the plates that form the rings, but they do not touch them. There's a primary north and south pole on the rollers and a primary north and south pole on the plates. Obviously you will have the north pole of the roller attracted to the south pole of the plate. The plate and the rollers have layered structure. The external layer - Titan, then Iron, Nylon and last internal layer was made from Neodymium. John R.R. Searl has supposed that the electrons are given off from the central element (which is neodymium), and they travel out through other elements. If nylon had not been put there, the SEG would act like a laser and one pulse would go out and it would stop, build up, and another pulse would go out. But, with the nylon being, nylon acts as a control gate, and that control gate gives you an even flow of electrons throughout the SEG [4]. In [4] it was shown that in the process of magnetization of the plate and rollers, the combination of constant and variable magnetic fields for creating a special wave (sine wave) pattern on a plate surface and rollers surface was used. The basic effects are the rollers selfrunning around a ring plate and reduction of weight up to occurrence of propulsion and flying up of all magnetic system. These effects come about because of a special geometry of experimental setup. It was shown that the work of the device in critical regime is accompanied by biological and real physical phenomena. Unfortunately except for the listed references we could not find other information where similar effects are be mentioned. In this paper we present the experimental device the results we have obtained. 

2. The description of the experimental installation
The basic difficulty is in a choosing the materials and maintaining the necessary pattern imprinting on the plate and rollers surfaces. To simplify the technology we decided to use a one-ring design with one-ring plate (stator) and one-ring of rollers (rotor). It is obvious, that it was necessary to strengthen the rollers on a rotor by the bearings and balance the rollers well. In the suggested design the air bearings were used which provided the minimum losses due to friction. From the available description [1-4] it was not clear how it is possible to make and magnetize the stator with a diameter of about one meter. In order to make the stator from separate magnetized segments executed on the basis of rare earth magnets with the residual induction 1T; the segments were magnetized in a usual way by discharging capacitor battery through the coil. Afterwards the segments were assembled and glued together in a special iron armature, which reduced magnetic energy. To manufacture the stator 110 KGs of rare earth magnets were used, and to manufacture the rotor 115 KGs of that material was used. High-frequency field under magnetization was not applied. It was decided to replace an imprinting technology described in [1-4] with cross-magnetic inserts having a flux vector directed at 90 degrees to a vector of basic magnetization of a stator and rollers of a rotor. For these cross inserts the modified rare earth magnets with a residual magnetization of 1,2 T and coercive force a little bit greater than in a base material was used. In Fig.1 and Fig.2 the joint arrangement of stator 1, elements of a rotor - rollers 2 and a way of their mutual gearing by means of cross magnetic inserts 19, are shown. Between the stator and roller surfaces the air gap d of 1-mm is left. 

No layered structure was used except a continuous copper foil of 0.8 mm thickness which wrapped up the stator and rollers. This foil has the direct electrical contact to magnets of a stator and rollers. Distance between inserts in the rollers is equal to distance between inserts on the stator. 

figure 1
Fig.1. Variant of one-ring converter.

The ratio of parameters of the stator 1 and the rotor 2 in Fig.2 is chosen so that the relation of stator diameter - D and roller diameter - d is an integer equal to or greater then 12. Choosing such ratio allow us to achieve a magnetic spin wave resonant mode between elements of a working body of the device is achieved. 

Figure 2
Fig.2. A way of organization of magnetic gearing stator and rollers.

The elements of magnetic system were assembled in a uniform design on the aluminium platform. In Fig.3 the general view of the platform with one-ring converter is displayed. This platform was supplied with springs, amortizators and had a possibility of moving vertical on three supports. The value of displacement was measured by the induction meter of displacement 14; thus the change of the platform weight at once has been defined during the experiment in real time. Gross weight of the platform with magnetic system in the initial condition was 350 KGs. 

Figure 3
Fig.3. The general view of the platform with one-ring converter. 

The stator 1 was mounted motionlessly, and the rollers 2 were assembled on a mobile common separator 3, connected with the basic shaft 4 of the device. Through this shaft the rotary moment was transferred. The basic shaft by the means of friction muff 5 was connected to the electrodynamics generator 7 and starting engine 6, which accelerated the converter up to a mode of self-sustained rotation. Along a rotor the electromagnetic inductors 8 with open cores 9 were located. The magnetic rollers 2 crossed the open cores of inductors and closed the magnetic flux through electromagnetic inductors 8, and induced emf in them, which acted directly on an active load 10 (a set of incandescent lamps with total power 1 kW). The electromagnetic inductors 8 were equipped with an electrical drive 11 and had an opportunity to smoothly move on supports 12. To study the influence of the external high voltage on the characteristics of the converter the system of radial electrical polarization was mounted. On periphery of the rotor ring electrodes 13 were set between the electromagnetic inductors 8 having with the rollers 2 air gap of 10 mm. The electrodes are connected to a high-voltage source; the positive potential was connected to the stator, and the negative to the polarization electrodes. The voltage was adjusted in a range of 0-20 kV. In experiments the constant value of 20 kV was used. In case of emergency braking, friction disk from the ordinary car braking system was mounted on a basic shaft of the rotor. The electrodynamics generator 7 was connected to active load through a set of switches ensuring step connection of the load from 1 kW to 10 kW. The converter under going testing had in its inner structure the oil friction generator of thermal energy 15, intended for taping a superfluous power (more than 10 kW) into the thermo-exchange contour. But since the real output power of the converter in experiment has not exceeded 7 kW, the oil friction thermal generator was not used. The complete stabilization of revolutions of the rotor was carried out by electromagnetic inductors connected to an additional load, which was set of incandescent lamps with total power 1 kW. 

3. Experimental results The magnetic-gravity converter was built in a laboratory room on three concrete supports at a ground level. The ceiling height the lab room was 3 meters. Besides the presence of the iron-concrete ceiling, in immediate proximity from the magnetic system there was a generator and electric motor, which contained some tens KGs of iron and could potentially deform the field's pattern. The device was started by the electric motor, which accelerated the rotation of the rotor. The revolutions were smoothly increased up to the moment the ammeter included in a circuit of the electric motor started to show zero or lower value of a consumed current or even a presence of the back current. The presence of the back current is detected at approx. 550 rpm. The magnetic moving sensor 14 starts to detect the change in weight of the whole installation at 200 rpm. Afterwards the electric motor is completely disconnected by the electromagnetic muff and the ordinary electrodynamics generator is connected to the basic shaft of the device through the same muff. The rotor of the converter continues to self-accelerate and with the approach to the critical mode of 550 rpm, the weight of the device quickly changes. In addition to the change speed of rotation the weight depend of the power, removed into active load, (the set of ten ordinary electrical water heaters of 1 kW was used) and of the applied polarizing voltage, as well. At the maximum output power equal to 6-7 kW the change of weight G of the whole platform (total weight is about 350 KGs), reaches 35 % of the weight in an initial condition G?. A load of more than 7 kW results in a gradual decrease of revolutions and exit from the mode of self-generation with the subsequent complete stop of the rotor. The weight of a platform can be controlled by applying of a high voltage to cellular ring electrodes located at a distance of 10 mm from external surfaces of the rollers. Under the high 20 kV voltage (electrodes negative pole) the increase of taped power in circuit of the basic generator more than 6 kW does not influence G while the revolutions per min is not decreased to 400 rpm. "Tightening" of this effect is observed as well as the effect of hysteresis on G (a kind of "residual induction"). The experimental diagrams given on Fig.4 illustrate the modes of the converter operations. 

Figure 4
Fig. 4. Modes of operations of the magnet-gravity converter. 

The effect of a local change of the platform weight is convertible relative to the direction of rotor turning, and has the same hysteresis. At clockwise rotation the critical mode comes in the area of 550 rpm and the propulsion force against the direction of gravitation vector is created, by analogy, at counter-clockwise rotation the critical mode comes the in area of 600 rpm and the propulsion on the direction of gravitation vector is created. The difference in approach to a critical mode of 50 - 60 rpm was observed. It is necessary to mention that the most interesting region lies above the critical area of 550 rpm, but due to of a number of circumstances the implementation of such research was not possible. Other interesting effects include the work of the converter in the dark room when corona discharges are observed around the converter's rotor as a blue-pink glowing luminescence and a characteristic ozone smell. The cloud of ionization covers the area of a stator and a rotor and has accordingly toroidal form. On the background of luminescence glowing on rollers' surfaces we distinguished wave picture. A number of more vigorous strips of discharges around the rollers were observed. These discharges were of the white - yellow colour is, but the characteristic for the arc discharges sound was not audible. One more effect previously not mentioned was observed i.e. the vertical magnetic "walls" around the installation. We noticed and measured the abnormal permanent magnetic field around the converter in the radius of 15 meters. The zones of an increased intensity of a magnetic flux 0,05T located concentrically from the centre of the installation were detected. The direction of magnetic field vector in these walls coincided with the direction of rollers' field vector. The structure of these zones reminded circles on water from the thrown stone. Between these zones a portable magnetometer, which used the Hall's sensor as a sensitive element, did not register abnormal magnetic fields. The layers of an increased intensity are distributed practically without losses up to a distance of about 15 meters from the centre of the converter and quickly decrease at the border of this zone. The thickness of each layer is about 5 - 8 cm. The border of each layer has sharp shape, the distance between layers is about 50 - 60 cm and it slightly accrues when moving from the centre of the converter. The steady picture of this field was observed as well at a height of 6 m above the installation (on the second floor above the lab.). Above the second floor the measurements were not carried out. The abnormal fall of the temperature in direct affinity from the converter was also found. While the common temperature background in laboratory was + 22? (2?) the fall of temperature equal to 6-8? was noticed. The same phenomenon was observed in vertical magnetic walls as well as. The measurements of temperature inside the magnetic walls were carried out by the ordinary alcohol thermometer with inertia of indication about 1,5 min. In the magnetic walls the temperature changes can be distinctly observed even by hand. The hand when placed into this magnetic wall feels real cold at once. The similar picture was observed at the height above installation, i.e. on the second floor of the laboratory as well as despite the ferro-concrete blocking of ceiling. 

4. Discussion
All the results we obtained are extremely unusual and require some theoretical explanation. Unfortunately the interpretation of results within the framework of the conventional physical theory cannot explain all the observed phenomena and first of all the change of weight. The change of weight is possible to interpret as a local change of gravity force or as an occurrence of propulsion force by repelling from its own field. Direct experiment, confirming a presence of draft force was not performed, but in any case both interpretations of the weight change do not correspond to the modern physical paradigm and demand reconsideration of the standard theory of gravitation or criticism of the second law of Newton, both of which are only possible if we take into consideration the now-advert physical media ether as understood by Faraday-Maxwell-Mie. From the modern physics position electrization and luminescence of the converter's magnetic system in the near zone is not completely clear. The phenomenon of the magnetic and thermal "walls" may be connected with Alphen's magnetic-sound waves raised in near zone in magnetized plasma induced by a variable magnetic field of a rotating rotor [5]. 

At present time we can not give an exact description of the interactions mechanism with environment and transformation of energy, but it is completely obvious, that without the use of the concept of physical media - the ether in a sense of Faraday-Maxwell-Mie we are completely unable to give physically substantial theory of these phenomena. In conclusion, we emphasize that the issues of the biological influence effects and especially of the variations of real time stream effects, which must be taking place in an operative zone of the converter, were not considered at all. These issues are extremely important and absolutely unexplored; though there are some mentions of J.R.R.Searl about healing action of the SEG's radiation. Our own experience allows to make only cautious assumption that the short-term stay (dozen minutes) in a working zone of the converter with the fixed output power of 6 kW remains for the people without observed consequences. The present paper is only a beginning. 

References
1. Von Herbert Schneider, Dr. J.B. Koeppl, Hans - Joachim Ehlers. Begegnung mit John R.R. Searl. Raum und Ziet, #39, 1989, pp. 75-80.
2. Von S. Gunnar Sandberg. Was ist dran am Searl-effect. Raum und Ziet, #40, 1989, pp. 67-75.
3. Von Herbert Schneider. Harry Watt. Dem Searl-effect auf der spur. Raum und Ziet, # 42, 1989, pp.75-81; #43, pp.73-77.
4. John A. Thomas Jr. ANTI-GRAVITY: The Dream Made Reality. Extraordinary Science, vol.VI, Issue2, 1994. 
5. L.D.Landau, E.M.Lifshits. Electrodynamics of continuous media.- Moscow, Nauka, 1982. (in Russian).